Page 654 - Art In The Age Of Exploration (Great Section on Chinese Art Ming Dynasty)

NOTES TO THE READER

Dimensions are given in centimeters followed by Zhengde (1506-1521) 518 26128
inches in parentheses. Unless otherwise specified, Jiajing (1522-1566) 519 20289
height precedes width precedes depth. In Japan the century between 1450 and 1550 520 CSi2857
Short references in the text will be cited in full falls within the Muromachi (or Ashikaga) period, 521 10/507
at the end of the catalogue. the former name referring to the locale of the 522 9/2106
shogunal palace in Kyoto, the latter being the sur- 524 6444
name of the shogunal family. 525 75°4
TOWARD CATHAY: Korea during this century was ruled by the 526 32791

Chinese is here transcribed according to the Choson dynasty (sometimes referred to as the Yi 527 28952
piny in system; in quotations from texts using dynasty, after the surname of the ruling house). 528 33035
another transcription, the Chinese has been 529 SA 2735
converted to piny in and set in square brackets. 530 SA 2702
Japanese is here transcribed according to the THE AMERICAS: 531 SA 2703
Hepburn system. Spellings of Aztec and Inka words are in the 532 SA 2704
Korean is here transcribed according to the modern orthography of their languages, Nahuatl 533 SA 2705
McCune-Reischauer system. and Quechua respectively. 534 25805
All East Asian personal names are cited in Dates of objects made in Central and South 534 25804
traditional fashion, surname followed by given America are approximately as follows: Aztec, 535 20291
name. Chinese monastic names are hyphenated. 1450-1521; Tamo, I3th-i6th c.: Inka, c. 1400- 536 21358
Emperors of Ming China are commonly 1530; Diquis, 1430-1532; Tairona, 800-1600; 536 21359
referred to not by their personal names but by Sinu, 600-1600; Popayan, iooo(?)-i6oo; Muisca, 537 6 375
an auspicious era-name chosen for each reign — 700-1600. 538 1938.7-6.1
the Yongle (Perpetual Happiness) emperor, the 539 6414
Zhengde (True Virtue) emperor. The reign-era, 541 15/3168
however, was never precisely synchronous with Since the titles for objects that appear 543 ^374
the reign itself: it was usually proclaimed some in this catalogue in the "Lands of 544 6266
months after the enthronement and continued in Gold" section are not necessarily those 545 7 8
use until the succeeding emperor, some time after used by the lending institutions, we 546 1927
his enthronement, proclaimed a new reign-era. include, for the reader's convenience, 547 2022
(Thus the Hongzhi emperor was enthroned in the following concordance of catalogue 548 11289
1487 and died in 1505, but the Hongzhi reign-era numbers and inventory numbers 549 32867
began in 1488 and ended in 1506.) supplied by the lenders: 55° 2 6
9
Buddhist temples are called Si in Chinese. Jooi 496 551 2050
In Japanese they are -ji or -dera, with -in and -an 475 14682 975 552 28695
1287
476
denoting a subtemple and -do an individual hall 1245 497 811 553 6 755
498
within a temple compound. Shinto shrines are 477 1250 612 554 6365
478
-gu, jinja, and taisha, in ascending order of 499 16584 555 1861
479
importance. 480 1253 503 556 CMi2799
1421
504
Dates are given according to the solar calendar. 481 LT-6 97 557 28538
16146
Left and right mean viewer's left and right 482 963 5°5 S.N. 558 6918
506
when referring to paintings, reliefs, and all objects 483 75i 23820 559 11*5
1566
except figural sculptures, for which they mean 484 962 507 16387 560 28513
508
proper left and right. 485 1273 509 ConT.388 561 33078
With a few exceptions, the objects in this 486 456 510 21215 562 1116
exhibition date between about 1450 and about 487 428 11 12563 563 51,85129
1550. During this time the Ming dynasty ruled 488 5 564 5185153
512
China, under the reigns of emperors referred to 489 1551 HTi2 3 565 32850
16388
by their auspicious era-names: 594 513 566 19535
49° 976 5M 20278
Jingtai (1450-1456) ""I Jingtai and Tianshun 491 1289 5*4 20279 567 19536
Tianshun (1457-1464) J fall within the period 492 1297 515 13693 567 19537
Chenghua (1465-1487) commonly called 493 1246 5*5 13694 568 124
Hongzhi (1488-1505) "interregnum" 494 423 516 11683 569 125/3
!
495 *277 57 22819
653