Page 19 - Pharmacology Mnemonics and Short Notes

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Advantages (Oral is the most common)

1. Least expensive and most convenient route for most clients.
2. Safe, does not break the skin.

3. Conscious, able to swallow.
Disadvantages:
1-Variation in rate of absorption.

2-Not in emergencies

3-Not in unconscious patient

4-Not for irritant drugs.

5-Not in GIT disturbances (vomiting and diarrhoea).

6-Not for non-absorbable drugs when systemic effect is needed e.g.
streptomycin

7-Not for drugs that undergo complete first pass metabolism e.g.
lidocaine.

Governed by surface area for absorption, blood flow, physical state of
drug, concentration.

 Occurs via passive process.
 In theory  weak acids optimally absorbed in stomach, weak bases

in intestine.
 In reality  the overall rate of absorption of drugs is always greater

in the intestine (surface area, organ function).
 Ingestion of a solid dosage form with a glass of cold water will
accelerate gastric emptying: the accelerated presentation of the
drug to the upper intestine will significantly increase absorption.
 Ingestion with a fatty meal, acidic drink, or with another drug with

anticholinergic properties, will retard gastric emptying. Sympathetic
output (as in stress) also slows emptying.

Sublingual route
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Pharmacology Mnemonics and Short Notes By Muhammad Ramzan Ul Rehman