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Notes to Pages 142–146 197

5 . Alwi M. Dahlan, interview with author, Jakarta, July 29, 1999.
6 . For stories on scandals undermining President Yudhoyono’s attempts at dynasty build-
ing and his party’s hopes of retaining power, see Peter Alford, “SBY’s Son Edhie Baskoro Quits
as Scandal Rages,” Australian , February 15, 2013; Rendi A. Witular, “House of Yudhoyono/
Wibowo in the Making,” JP , November 15, 2010.
7 . Dan Slater and Erica Simmons, “Coping by Colluding: Political Uncertainty and Pro-
miscuous Powersharing in Indonesia and Bolivia,” Comparative Political Studies 30 (2012): 2–3.
8 . Patrick Ziegenhain, “The Indonesian Legislature’s Impact on Democratic Consolida-
tion,” in Democratization in Post-Suharto Indonesia , ed. Marco Bünte and Andreas Ufen (London:
Routledge, 2009), 46.
9 . Aristo Pangaribuan, “Court ‘Brokers’ Need to Be Broken,” JG , December 2, 2009.
10 . In 2009, Leo Batubara, former deputy chair of the National Press Council, cited thirty-
seven articles in the criminal code alone that could send journalists to jail, and said that a pend-
ing bill to revise the code contained sixty-one articles that carried similar criminal sanctions.
Interview with author, Jakarta, July 9, 2009.
11 . Article 19, “Article 19 Applauds the Decision of the Indonesian Supreme Court to
Overturn the Criminal Libel Conviction of Bambang Harymurti,” Article 19 , March 2, 2006.
12 . “Indonesian Dispute Resolution 2015,” Conventus Law , January 29, 2016; Human Rights
Watch, Turning Critics into Criminals: The Human Rights Consequences of Criminal Defamation Law (New York:
Human Rights Watch, 2010), https://www.hrw.org/report/2010/05/03/turning-critics-criminals/
human-rights-consequences-criminal-defamation-law .
13 . Other 2008 laws adding dozens of new provisions to silence the press included the
Access to Public Information Law, the Pornography Law, and the State Secrecy Bill.
14 . Julia Suryakusuma, “A Singer’s Gyrating Rattles Indonesia,” IHT , May 14, 2003; “One
Step Forward . . . Two Steps Back,” Tempo , October 1–6, 2008.
15 . “One Step Forward”; Devi Asmarani, “Will Jakarta’s Anti-porn Bill Protect or Repress?,”
ST , January 2, 2007.
16 . I. Wayan Juniartha, “Activists Resume Opposition to Pornography Bill,” JP , March 26, 2010.
17 . Tini Tran, “Indonesian Provinces Plan to Ignore Anti-porn Law,” AP, March 26, 2010.
18 . See Arlina Arshad, “Indonesia to Crack Down on Porn over Ramadan,” AFP, August
10, 2010; Kinanti Pinta Karana, “Indonesian Infotainment ‘King,’ Gossip Show Host Attempts
to Defend Industry,” JG , July 23, 2010.
19 . See Bagus B. T. Saragih, “Cleric: Sharia Higher than National Law,” JP , March 26, 2010.
20 . H. Usamah Hisyam, member of parliament, United Development Party, personal com-
munication, Jakarta, July 22, 1999; Muhammad Yunus Yosfi ah, information minister, personal
communication, Jakarta, June 10, 1999.
21 . See, for example, “74,5% Warga Indonesia Setuju Demokrasi, 5,8% Ingin Diktator,”
Sinar Indonesian Baru , August 11, 2014, citing the survey, Kinerja Demokrasi dan Pilpres 2014: Evalu-
asi Pemilih Nasional, Temuan Survei, 21–26 Juli, 2014 (Jakarta: SMRC, 2014).
22 . Presi Mandari, “Indonesian Facebook Mum Wins Hospital Defamation Case,” SMH ,
December 29, 2009.
23 . Elske Schouten, “Facebook Group Thwarts Libel Case in Indonesia,” NRC Handelsblad ,
December 31, 2009.
24 . “Pennies for Prita Campaign Pulls in Rp 500 Million,” JG , December 9, 2009.
25 . Schouten, “Facebook Group Thwarts Libel”; Mong Palatino, “Justice in Jakarta,” Rela-
tivity Online , February 1, 2010, www.relativityonline.com/home/justice-in-jakarta/ .
26 . Dessy Sagita, “Prita Takes a Firm Stand with Omni over Suit,” JG , December 14, 2009.
27 . Thamrin Amal Tomagola, quoted in Tifa Asrianti, “Putting in Their T wo Cents,” JP ,
December 13, 2009.
28 . The country climbed from 114 of 177 in 2013, to 88 of 168 in 2015. Transparency
International Corruption Perceptions Index, accessed September 25, 2016, https://www.
transparency.org/cpi2014/in_detail .
29 . Norimitsu Onishi, “Corruption Fighters Rouse Resistance in Indonesia,” NYT , July 25,
2009.
30 . Aleksius Jemadu, “Transnational Activism in Indonesia,” in Transnational Activism in
Asia: Problems of Power and Democracy , ed. Nicola Piper and Anders Uhlin (London: Routledge,

2004), 157; Sofie Arjon Schütte, “Government Policies and Civil Society Initiatives against Cor-
ruption,” in Bünte and Ufen, Democratization in Post-Suharto Indonesia , 86–90.