Page 195 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

than the actual travel at each stage. Additionally, a PUV is traversing the different road sectors and
[4]
study stated that travel time is one of the largest which modes are most utilized by the local
components of travel costs. The study also specified commuters. Additionally, the route checking for a
that time savings are the greatest benefit in transport specific mode of transport was also executed which
projects such as roadway and public transit
improvements. In their study however, they also basically means that each PUV route will be
talked about the wasted fuel consumption that cars observed and assessed. These could include the
go through during a red light. They discuss that some “TODA” system of the tricycle drivers.
individuals leave their engine on during a red light During the inspection, it was observed that
which then wastes fuel that could lead to travel the main modes that the residents in the province are
delays that overtime incurred to a much larger utilizing include tricycle, jeepney, “habal-habal” and
quantity. They discussed the estimates of the
monetary costs of these delays and how it affects an private cars. Other private modes that are used by the
individual in a larger picture. residents in the province include private tricycle and
Furthermore, several studies on public private motorcycle. However, since private
transportation show that another factor to be motorcycles and “habal-habal” are just the same
considered in the planning is the level of comfort that mode, being they are both motorcycles, but with a
[5]
passengers experience, or the lack thereof. A study different ownership, the latter was chosen to be
defined comfort as getting a seat, and crowding considered in the analysis. The public transport
reduction on board a local public transport mode.
The study analyzed whether there are significant modes are shown below:
differences in the willingness to pay (WTP) for
comfort and crowding reduction among the three
largest urban areas in Sweden. Although the study
found that there are no key differences between the
two parameters on the study area, there were key
points found among the different transport modes.
An example is the fact that there are more passengers
who prefer to stand on a tram than on a bus.
[6]
Moreover, another study also shows that
crowding is a major issue on a public transport mode
for passengers. The study assessed the discomfort
level produced by the crowding through a survey of
a thousand Paris public transport users. One of the Fig. 3. Jeepney in Marinduque
study’s findings include the positive relationship on
the increase of crowding costs and the increase of the
passengers’ income. The study also concluded that
the main sources of discomfort are (a) not being able
to seat; (b) not being given the opportunity to make
use of the time during the travel; (c) how close in
physical contact the people are with each other.

3. Methodology
3.1. Initial Area Inspection
The initial area inspection was done by
visiting the province of Marinduque. The first
destination for the activity is Boac, Marinduque as it Fig. 4. Tricycle in Marinduque
is the capital of the province and which would be
assumed to have data that are very definitive. The
initial area inspection included validating of which
modes of transport are operating in the roads of the
province. This was done by observing what type of

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