Page 46 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

expansion of some railway lines and development of and pedicab), and private mode (motorcycle and
new railway systems, could improve traffic flow by car). For the private mode, it means that the students
encouraging urban rail transit mode choice [7, 8]. An are escorted by their household adults. The
increase in the level of comfort, reliability, and speed percentage share of each transport mode is tabulated
of public transport mode could attract commuters out in Table 1. The public transport mode account for the
of cars [9]. However, all the refereed works have largest share (52.93%), followed by the non-
focused on adult commuters, while the travel mode motorized mode (41.62%), and a small percentage
choice among basic education (K-12) school share of the private mode (5.37%).
students has remained largely unexplored in Metro
Manila.
Correspondingly, the objective of this study
is to explore the determinants of travel mode choice
by taking account of socioeconomic characteristics
and urban form attributes. A sound understanding of
the determinants of commute mode choice decision
is the only precursor that can aid policymakers to
design consistent, effective policies toward a
sustainable transportation system.
The remainder of the paper is well structured
as follows: section 2 overviews the data source,
section 3 provides the interpretation of results, and
section 4 concludes the findings and gives a
direction for future research.

2. Data Source
Metro Manila consists of sixteen cities and
one municipality (see Fig. 1), and the number on the
map is the code number of traffic analysis zone
(TAZ). Based on the national census in 2015, the
metropolitan area is home to 12,877 thousand
people, and 26.54% of the total people are from 5 to
19 years old [10]. In 2017, the total number of basic
education schools (i.e., kindergarten, primary, and
secondary) is 3,666 including private and public
schools [10]. A simple random sampling technique
was carried out to gather the data sample of K-12
school students through various TAZs within the
metropolis in 2017 because the baseline data of
travel mode choice among the K-12 school students
were not known. Especially, this technique provides
the respondents with an equal probability of being
selected. Only the students studying at
kindergartens, primary schools, and high schools
were considered for data collection. The sample data
consist of 1,211 respondents after cleaning the data,
and this sample size provided a confidence level of
99% and a margin of error of 3.71% if we assumed
the standard deviation to be 50%, according to the
Cochran’s formula. The commute mode choices
from home to school were classified into three main
categories, such as non-motorized mode (walking Fig. 1 The map of Metro Manila [10]
and cycling), public transport mode (urban rail
transit mode, bus, school bus/van, Jeepney, tricycle,

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