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                                        qHk;aom rltjzpf rvGJraoG owfrSwfMurSm wyfrawmf[m trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&; tiftm;
                                     pkBuD;jzpfwJhtwGuf wdkYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;zdkY wyfrawmfudk
                                                                               tm;vHk;&JU tBuD;tuJ[m wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfomjzpfw,fvdkY tajccHrlwpf&yf
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                                                                   wnfaqmuf&mrSm jynfolwpf&yfvHk; yg0ifa&;twGuf wyfrawmfu pDrHaqmif&GufcGifh
                                                                                                      ]]1946-47 ckESpfrSm jrefrmhwyfrawmfudk jyefvnfzGJUpnf;NyD;aemuf ygwDEdkifiH
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                                                                                                   a&;eJY qufEG,frIrsm;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? wyfrawmftay: EdkifiHa&;MoZm xdk;azmuf
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                                                                                                            xdkufxdkufwefwef yg0ifulnD xrf;aqmifEdkifa&;twGuf tajccHrlawGudkvnf; csrSwfzdkY
                                                                                             jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;uqdk&if wyfrawmf[m NydKuGJvkeD;yg; jzpfcJh&ygw,f/ xdkpOfu
                               EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;onf t,l0g'*dkPf*Pcsif; uGJMuNyJMu? tmPmvk? ykefuef
                                                                &Sdoifhygw,f/ 'ghtjyif wyfrawmf[m rdrd&JU a&;&mudpörsm;jzpfwJh ppfrIa&;&m? wyfrsm;cs
                                                                                          wyfrawmfNydKuGJ&if wdkif;jynfNydKuGJNyD; tcsKyftjcmtmPm qHk;½IH;r,fh tajctaersm;udk
                            Mu? qlylMu wdkif;jynfysufawmhrvdk jzpfvmvQif olwdkYESifh rqdkifovdk xxGufoGm;Mu
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                                                                &yfcHrIjzifh wyfrawmfu tdrfapmifhtpdk;& wm0ef,lcJh&onf/ awmxJrS aomif;usef;
                                                                   acsmif;pD;Edkifajc&SdvmaomaMumifh xdkpOfu zqyv0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek\ wdkufwGef; arwåm
                                                                                                   [lonf &efukefNrdKU uGufuGufuav;rQwGifom wnfawmhonf/ zqyv acgif;aqmif
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                                                                                                      usef;olrsm;u wpfEdkifiHvHk;udk cGJwrf;us odrf;ydkufxm;Mu&m zqyvtpdk;& tmPmpuf
                                                                                                                 335
                                                                                                            xdkYaMumifh ppfwyfu tmPmodrf;vdkufjyefNyD? ppftpdk;& wufvmNyD ponfjzifh
                                                                                                         tremy a0zefMuonf/ &efvdk &efvkyfwwfMuonf/ 1948-49 ckESpf a&mifpHkaomif;
                                                                               qufay;cJhonf/ (rvdkolrsm;url ppfwyfu tmPmodrf;onf[k ykwfcwfcJhMuao;
                                                                         zqyvtzGJUcsKyfESifh zqyvtpdk;&BuD; 1958 ckESpfwGif ESpfjcrf;uGJonf/ wpfzuf
                                                                      ESifhwpfzuf &efolBuD;rsm;ozG,f &efvdkwdkufcdkufMuonf/ vlpk? vufeufpkum aoG;
                                                                                  usef;olwdkYvufrS NrdKU&Gmrsm;udk jyefvnfodrf;ydkufum zqyvtpdk;&tm; tmPmouf
                                                                                          5000? t&m&Sd 200 jzifhom zGJU&rnf[k vkyfvmojzifh wyftiftm;uenf;? olykef
                                                                                       tiftm;u rsm;aecJhonf/ wyfrawmfxJrS uGefjrLepf wyfrSL;BuD;rsm;u olwdkYOD;pD;&onfh
                                                                                    wyfrsm;udkyg ac:xkwfawmcdkoGm;Mujyefonf/ þtajctaeü wyfrawmfu aomif;
                                                          u EdkifiHwnfNidrfatmif renf;vkyf,lNyD; 1960 jynfhESpf? azazmf0g&DvwGif a&G;aumuf
                               wnfaxmifMurnf/ xdkYaemuf Oa&myrS tar&duefOD;aqmifaom aewdk;ppftkyfpkrsdK;
                                                 ydkíqdk;onfrSm
                            jzpfonfh qDwdk; (ta&SUawmiftm&S pptkyfpk)xJ0if&ef BuHpnftm; xkwfvmojzifh
                   1988 ckESpfwGif jrefrmtcsif;csif; acgif;jzwfowfMu? puf½HHkawGzsuf? *dka'gifawG
                         jynfaxmiffpk tNydKuGJrcHEdkif? tcsKyftjcmtmPm tqHk;½IH;rcHEdkifaom wyfrawmfu
                                  aomEdkifiHrsm; pkpnf;xm;onfh uGefzuf'a&;&Sif; (jynfaxmifpk[efjy (8) EdkifiHtzGJU)
                                     ckrJjzifh tEdkif,l? zuf'&,f (omrefjynfaxmifpk)rS uGefzuf'a&;&Sif;ac: oD;jcm;vGwfvyf
                                        a&;? Arm (ajrjyefY) wdkif;a'oBuD; (7)ckudk Armjynfe,fwpfckzGJUNyD; usefjynfe,f (7)
                                              jynfy ya,m*ygaom zuf'&,frlvIyf&Sm;rIudk apmfbGm;tcsdKUu 1961 ckESpf ukefydkif;
                                           ESifh 1962 ckESpf tapmydkif;wdkYwGif vkyfaqmiftusyfudkifum jynfaxmifpkrS cGJxGuf
                                                    oefY&Sif;zqyvu jynfaxmiffpktzGJUcsKyf (yxp)[k emrnfajymif;NyD; tkyfcsKyf&m
             0g'o&zlaqmif;um jynfaxmifpkNzdKcGJa&;udk a&S;½Ivmonf/ Mum;jzwftpkd;&ac: EdkifiH
        r[efYMu? rwm;Mu? vlem rsufjzLqdkufav q&mBudKufavqdkovdk vkyfoGm;cJhMuonf/
           tmPm rdrdwdkY&&Sda&;twGufom rTefxlaeNyD; rif;rJhwdkif;jynfBuD; ozG,fjzpfaeonfudk
                azmufvkyfonfudk 'Drdkua&pD[krSwf,laom wdkif;qljynfzsuf vIyf&Sm;rIBuD;onf rif;rJh
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                          yif ppfwyfu tmPmodrf;onf[k pGyfpGJykwfcwfMuonf/
                                0ifrumuG,fvQif
           a&G;aumufyGJjzifhwufvmaom
                                   þtajctaeudk
                                                                av,mOfwifoabFmBuD;wpfpif;tygt0if
                                                          e,fcsJU'vHrsm;u
           tpdk;&rsm;udk
                 udk ydkifqdkifjc,fvS,f pdk;rdk;vdkolrsm;u a'gyGMuonf/ ppfwyfu tmPmodrf;onf?
              ppftpdk;&[laom pum;vHk;rsm;udk rdk;rTefatmif oHk;vmMuonf/ tdrfeD;csif;xdkif;EdkifiH
                                                    Mum;jzwftpdk;&zGJUay;NyD; tmPmtyfvdkufNyDqdkaom owif; aMunm&rnf/ (1) em&D
                                                                                                                 wuúodkvfjrwfol
                                                          1988
                                                       ckESpf? pufwifbmv 13 &ufaeY rGef;vGJ (1) em&D jrefrmh½kyfoH^jrefrmhtoHowif;wGif
                                                             ig;pif;uvnf; jrefrmhyifv,f a&ydkifeuftwGif; usL;ausmf0ifa&mufum usm;acsmif;
           (olY
                                        acgif;jzwfowfMu&m acgif;tvHk;aygif; 60 ausmf 70 cefY tjzwfcHae&NyD/ jynfolydkif?
                                           0rf;a&;twGuf &efukefNrdKUwGif tvkyfvm&Smonfudkyif tqdwfcwfolrsm;[k pGyfpGJvsuf
                                              rnf? AHk;BuJrnf[laom aMunmcsufrsm; yvlysHatmif a0Muonf/ jrefrmqif;&Jom;rsm;
                                   18-9-1988
                                     trsm;ydkifypönf;rsm;udk vk,ufazmufxGif; ,lMuonf/ ocsØKif;tkwf*lrsm;yg zsufukef
                                wdkif;jynfacsmufxJus
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                       wyfrawmfu EdkifiHhwm0ef,lonfudk EdkifiHom;jynfolrsm;u 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
                    BudKqdkMuonf/ tmPmacsmif&vdkol jynfwGif;rS EdkifiHa&;vkyfpm;olrsm;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH
                                                 (5)rdepf&SdvdkrS xkdodkYraMunmvQif &efukefrS tcsuftcsmae&mrsm;udk tajr§mufESifhypf
                             awmhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh wyfu 0ifvdkuf&onf/ xdkodkY EdkifiHrwdrf;yg;&ef 0ifxdef;onfudk
        taMumif;ESifhol) jzKwfcsonfrSm 19 Budrf&SdNyD/ ygupöwefwGif ppfwyfu tmPmodrf;
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