Page 6 - Maukon
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                                                                                     tajccHOya'ESifh  tcsKyftjcmtmPm
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                                     tpdk;&tzGJU(Government) &Sdjcif;? (4) ,if;EdkifiHonf tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkifqdkifrI (0g)
                               (1) EdkifiHajrtydkif r&SdvQif *spfypDvlrsKd;rsm;uJhodkY ajcOD;wnfh&m vSnfhvnfoGm;
                                                          tqifhtwef;)wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmatmif rdrdwdkYEdkifiHwGif;ü taumif;qkH; taumiftxnf
                                                                      (toufrao&Sifoefa&;)twGuf pdwfcsvufcsvkyfudkifEdkifa&;onf tajccHvlYtcGifhta&;
                                              EdkifiHwpfck\ Oy"d½kyfqdkonfrSm (1) EdkifiHydkifeufe,fajr (EdkifiHe,fedrdwf)   Territory
                                                                            wpfenf;tm;jzifh EdkifiHwpfcktwGif; aygufzGm;&SifoefaexdkifMuaom EdkifiHom;jynfolrsm;
                                                       azmfvkyfaqmifcGifhonf EdkifiHom;jynfolrsm; (0g) vlYtzGJUtpnf;\ vGwfvyfcGifh (0g)
                                                                         b0&Sifoefa&;
                                        Population &Sdjcif;? (3) ,if;EdkifiHrS EdkifiHom;wdkY wGif rdrdwdkYvlrsKd;rsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;aom
                                                                               vlYabmifavmu? odkYr[kwf vlYtzGJUtpnf;BuD;wGif yg0ifMuaom vlom;rsm;?
                                           &Sdjcif;? (2) ,if;EdkifiHajray:ü aygufzGm;&Sifoefaexdkifaom EdkifiHom;jynfol (vlOD;a&)
                       xdkajronf opfyif? opfawm? awmif? jrpf? uEÅm&? wd&pämefwdkY usufpm;&mawm½dkif;ajr
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                 (3) ,if;ajr? ,if;vlawG&SdNyD; pnf;urf;wus pDrHBuD;MuyfuGyfuJ aqmif&Gufay;
           (0g) ]tm;cGefAv}BuD;olui,foludk n§Of;yef;aom awmwGif;Oya' Jungle Law BuD;
                          (2) EdkifiHajr&Sdygvsuf ,if;ajray:ü aygufzGm;aexdkifaom vlom;rsm;r&SdvQif
                                                    vGwfvyfpGm udk,fhMur®mudk,f zefwD;EdkifcGifh (0g) vGwfvyfa&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDa&; tjynfh
                                                             ajyvnf½kHrQru vlwdkYaexdkifoGm;vm? 0wfqif? pm;aomufrI tqifhtwef; (vlaerI
                                                                xdkodkY vkHNcHK? at;csrf;om,mpGmaexdkifNyD; pm;0wfaea&;ajyvnfatmif? xdkodkY
              rnfh tpdk;&r&SdvQif rif;rJhwdkif;jynf? Edkif&mpm; BuD;Edkifi,fn§Of; xifovdkjyKusifhum ]tiftm;}
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                                                                                                      vGwfvyfaomEdkifiHr[kwf? wdkif;wpfyg;om;u pdk;rdk;zdESdyfjc,fvS,faoG;pkyfcH&aom uRef
                                                                                                   EdkifiHjzpfoGm;rnf/ (jzpfvnf; jzpfcJhzl;ayNyD? uRefb0wGif ESpfaygif; 100 ausmf usa&mufum
                                                                                                zdESdyfcHcJh&NyD;NyD/ EdkifiHawmf&Sd obm0o,HZmw "eOpömrSeforQ? pdkufysKd;oD;ESHrSeforQ? xGuf
                                                                                                                 17
                                                                                                            (4) ,if;EdkifiHajr? ,if;EdkifiHom;wdkYwGif rdrdwdkYEdkifiHvlrsm;pk aumif;usKd;udk vGwf
                                                                                                         vyfpGm qkH;jzwfazmfaqmifcGifhr&SdvQif (0g) tcsKyftjcmtmPm rydkifqdkvQif xdkEdkifiHonf
                                                                                             ukefypönf;rSeforQudk vk,uf,liifoGm;jcif;udkvnf; uRefoufESifhtrQ cHcJh&NyD;ayNyD/)
                                                                                  rdrdwdkYEdkifiHxGuf o,HZmwrsm;? xGufukefoD;ESHrsm;jzifh 00vifvif pm;aomufaexdkifum
                                                                               rdrdwdkY,kHMunf&m bmomomoemudk vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fvsuf xrif;&nfacsmif;pD;
                                                                            atmif pnfajAmoH wnHnHjzifh vSLEdkifwef;EdkifcJhMuonf/ jrefrmqdkaom wdkif;&if;om;
                                                                                          xdkYaMumifh EdkifiHwpfck\ Oy"d½kyft*Fgav;&yfESifh udkufnDNyD; tjcm; urÇmhEdkifiHrsm;ESifh
                                                                                       wef;wl&nfwl rmef0ifh&yfwnfEdkif&ef jrefrmwdkY toufaoG;acR;&if;um BudK;yrf;,lcJh
                                                                                    &ayonf/ a&S;jrefrmwdkY udk,fhxD;? udk,fheef;? udk,fhMuiSef;jzifh vGwfvyfpGmaecJhMuonf/
                                                       jrefrmppfyGJtNyD;wGif atmufjrefrmjynf(awmifiltxd) e,fcsJUvufatmuf usa&mufcJh&
                                                          tNyD; &cdkifESifh weoFm&Da'owdkY olYuRefb0a&mufcJh&onf/ 1952 ckESpf? 'kwd,t*Fvdyf-
                                                 t0if jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvkH; t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUwdkYatmufusa&muf uRefjzpfcJh&ayonf/ uRefb0
                                                    onf/ 1885 ckESpf? wwd,t*Fvdyf-jrefrmppfyGJtNyD;wGifum; txufjrefrmjynftyg
                                                                   bmoma&;yGJrsm;jzifh aysmfaysmfae&if; wpfrl;&vdkYwpfyJ (0ifaiG\xuf0uf) vSLwwfaom
                                                             1824-25 yxrt*Fvdyf-jrefrmppfyGJac: e,fcsJUt*FvdyfwdkY\ usL;ausmfppfyGJ
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                       jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf w&m;&Sdolrsm;jzpfygu vdktyfaom ukefMurf;rsm;udk umvayguf
                    aps;ay;0,f? ¤if;wdkYa&mif;vdkonfh ukefacsmrsm;udk oifhwifhrQwaom aps;EIef;jzifha&mif;?
           e,fcsJUppfyGJ? usL;ausmfppfyGJ? e,fcsJUwdkYya,m*jzifh jzpfyGm;&aom jynfwGif;ppfyGJ? a'oppfyGJ
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                 jynfytvkyform;rsm;udk pm;0wfaea&;zlvkHatmif rQwonfh vkyfcay;cdkif;MurnfqdkvQif
              þurÇmwGif e,fcsJUpepf? e,fcsJU&mü rdkuf½dkif;&rf;um;Murf;MuKwfvSonfh zufqpfpepfESifh
                                            t*FvdyfwdkYonf pufrIt&if;&Sifpepf xGef;um;vmonfESifh tjcm; Oa&myrS
                                         pufrIt&if;&SifEdkifiHrsm;ESifhtNydKif urÇmajrjyiftESHY tvkt,uf e,fcsJUcJhMuonf/ ¤if;
                                                 pdwfwdkif;us xkwf,lEdkif&eftwGuf xdkEdkifiHom;rsm; rvIyfEdkifatmif zdESdyf&onf/ n§Of;yef;
                                                       qdkonfum; e,fcsJUt&if;&SifwdkYu uRefjyKcHEdkifiHwGif;&Sd obm0o,HZmwrsm;? pdkufysKd;
                                                    ukefxGufukefrsm;udk pdwfBudKufxkwf,loGm;jcif; cH&onf/ xdkodkY EdkifiHydkif"e Opömrsm;udk
                             aumif;&atmif? ajcmufjym;wpfyJ vkyfcay;NyD; uRJEGm;rsm;yrm wpfaeYvQif em&Daygif;rsm;pGm
                          e,fcsJUMujcif;
                                avmifpmpGrf;tif (xif;? ausmufrD;aoG;? a&eH? obm0"mwfaiGU ponf)rsm; aygacsmif
                                      wdkYvdktyfaom pufrIukefMurf;rsm; tvmum;yJwif;ESifh&atmif? ¤if;wdkY puf½kHxGuf
                                   ypönf;rsm; BudKufaps;ac:a&mif;cs&mü 0,f,lrnfh azmufonfrsm;&atmif? puf½kHokH;
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