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Skandia’s IC Navigator
The IC Navigator was developed at the Swedish financial services company Skandia by a team
led by Leif Edvinsson (Edvinsson & Malone, 1997). It incorporates the presumption that
intellectual capital represents the difference between market and book value of the company
(Edvinsson & Malone, 1997; Luu, Wykes, Williams, & Weir, 2001).
Despite the weaknesses of Skandia’s IC Navigator, most researchers agree that Skandia’s
considerable efforts to create a taxonomy to measure a company’s intangible assets…
emboldened others to look beyond traditional assumptions of what creates value for
organizations” (Bontis, 2001). Petty concludes, “Edvinsson's work was very much about the
process” (Petty & Guthrie, 2000).
By : Enas Mekki Managing Intellectual & Human Capital
