Page 174 - Technology Roadmap Transportation
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TECHNOLOGY VISION 2035
3.0
STATUS OF TECHNOLOGY
Almost 90% of global trade by weight is done change. Greenhouse gases such as CO are
2
through commercial shipping in a cost and the primary contributors to the anthropogenic
energy efficient way as compared to the other warming of the atmosphere, as is evident from
modes of transport. The regulatory framework Fig 3.1 indicating the percentage composition of
for international shipping is prescribed by the GHG.
International Maritime Organization (IMO); the
industry’s regulating body based in London. Key According to Assessment Report (AR 5) of
environmental regulations coming into force this Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
decade are emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), (IPCC), an increase in atmospheric CO
2
in particular carbon di oxide (CO ), sulphur concentration to 450 ppm level will lead to a
2
oxides (SO ), nitrous oxides (NO ), particulate 2° Celsius rise in global average temperature.
X
X
matter (PM) as well as ballast water management. In 2015 Paris Agreement, it was agreed by all
Complying with these regulations will have parties to hold the global average temperature
significant technological, financial and operational to well below 2˚C above pre-industrial levels and
implications for the shipping industry. pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase
to 1.5˚ C”. Now, all efforts are being made by
3.1 CO EMISSIONS REDUCTION MEASURES international regimes worldwide to restrict CO
2
2
th
The 20 century has been an era of rapid concentration in the atmosphere to 450 ppm
industrialisation. Due to exponentially increased level. According to IPCC forecasts, as shown in
industrial activities and burning of fossil fuels, CO Fig 3.2, the ‘Business As Usual’ use of fossil fuel will
2
concentration in the earth’s atmosphere has been lead to considerably high CO concentration by
2
st
rising consistently over the past several decades, the end of the 21 century. Therefore, in order to
thus contributing to global warming and climate limit the atmospheric concentration of CO to the
2
FIG 3.1: BREAKUP OF MAJOR GHG EMISSIONS (GLOBAL DATA)[1]
F-gases
Nitrous Oxide 2%
Others 6%
Methane 16% 27%
65% Carbon Dioxide
(Fossil Fuel and
Industrial
11% Processes)
Carbon Dioxide
(Forestry and
other Land use)
172 WATERWAYS
Manufacturing &
construction
21.3% Road
18.2%
Other Energy
Industries
1.9% International Aviation
4.6% 2.7% International Shipping
0.6% Domestic shipping & Fishing
35% Electricity & Heat
Production
15.3% Other
