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TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: TRANSPORTATION

ballast water management convention with a set
It is based on feeding exhaust gas back to the of regulations that severely limit the amount of
combustion process. The basic concept of the organisms permitted to be carried in ship’s ballast
technology is that the higher heat capacity
and lower oxygen content of the re-circu- water.
Exhaust Gas lated exhaust gases lower the peak
Recirculation combustion temperature significantly, Many ballast water treatment systems are now
(EGR) which suppresses the formation of available in the market. All systems, however, have
thermal NO .
X relatively limited operational experience and
NO X EMISSION REDUCTION MEASURES
come with an inherent technological uncertainty.
It is a proven technology and has The choice of technology used will depend on
been used in a number of ships.
The basic concept of the the vessel type, trading pattern, vessel size and
technology is to convert design. However, all ballast water management
nitrogen oxides with the aid of technologies involve a filtration process, which
Selective a catalyst, into diatomic separates particles from the water flow using
Catalytic nitrogen (N ) and water. membrane and cyclones.
2
Reactors (SCR) However, the marine SCR
system still needs to be
matured, for continuous The filtration process is followed by mechanical/
operation using different types physical processes or active substances. The
of fuels and for compatibility mechanical/physical processes can include
with all engine types.
cavitations, UV lighting, heat, vacuum, oxygen
stripping or acoustic treatment. The physical
It is an approach in which water is process is often the main mechanism of ballast
added to the combustion, either
through saturation of the scavenge water treatment system and may have large
Water air as direct water injection or as power demand. Active/chemical substances are
Injection emulsified water in fuel. This is also an added to the ballast water to terminate the living
effective way of reducing NO emissions, organisms and for disinfection purposes and can
X
although there is some concern that it may include the use of ozone, sea water electrolysis,
affect the engine’s thermal efficiency and
cause fuel consumption to increase along with additives or a catalyst.
the increased chances of corrosion.
3.5 CONCLUSION
3.4 BALLAST WATER TREATMENT MEASURES India is a party to several International conventions,
There have been many instances, where alien and in order to maintain tradability of Indian
species / organisms carried with ship’s ballast registered ships in International waters, Indian
water, when discharged in new environment, ships will have to adopt the above measures for
have caused invasion of the new environment compliance. The decision on whether or not to
bringing about dramatic shift in food chain, disease invest in a new ship and what kind of technology
outbreaks and extinction of indigenous species. the new ship should have is in the hands of the ship
In response to this, IMO has come out with owner. The ship owners’ decisions will be influenced
by both commercial and regulatory factors.

REFERENCES
1. Source: IPCC 2014 based on global change/2009/09/carbon-emissions-from-
emissions from 2010. https://www.epa. aircraft-and-ships.html
gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas- 4. IMO, Marine Environment protection
emissions-data
committee 63rd session, p. 4
2. http://www.educating-eco.com/ 5. HaifengWang, International Council of
environment-and-climate-change-1.html
Clean Transportation (ICCT): cutting
3. http://petrolog.typepad.com/climate_ Carbon from ships, 2012

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