Page 180 - Technology Roadmap Transportation

850
TECHNOLOGY VISION 2035

750
4.0

ROADMAP OF WATERWAYS
CO 2 Concentration (ppm) 550 In order to be able to comply with upcoming Energy balance of a typical well maintained
650
TECHNOLOGIES

cargo ship moving at sea at her designed speed
stringent regulations, the shipping Industry will
in moderate weather condition is shown in the
have to adapt to new technologies over the next
decades. For each regulation, a ship owner will
Figure 4.1(Modelled from ship energy use, typical
have multiple feasible technologies to choose
ship’s data converted to pictorial representation)
450
from. Similarly, fuel cost will also have a strong
as usual
impact on adaptation of new technology. The
through combustion of fuel in a ship’s main
regulatory shift towards low sulphur fuel is one
engine, actually ends up generating propulsion
of the developments in the industry that will As shown, only a fraction of the energy, obtained Business
Constant
350 have largest impact in terms of shipping cost and thrust. The bottom bar in this diagram represents 1990
operations. Following the new regulations, low the energy input to the main engine from emissions
sulphur fuel will be in great demand, increasing its combustion of fuel. In this case, 43% of the fuel
Pre-industrial concentration energy is converted to shaft power, while the 50% 1990
cost which in turn may lead to a higher demand
250 for alternative fuels. remaining 57% energy is lost by way of exhaust emissions
gases and heat loss. Due to further losses in
4.1 ENGINEERING ASPECTS the propeller and transmission, only 28% of
2010
1990 As is evident, measures adopted by IMO are 2050 2070 2090 2110
2030
the energy from the fuel that is fed to the
aimed at spurring development of energy main engine generates propulsion thrust in this
efficient ships through application of innovative YEAR
example.
tools and concepts both in ship design as well as
in its operation. In order to achieve the objective The majority of this remaining 28% is spent in
of a ship optimized for energy consumption, overcoming hull friction, while the rest is spent
an analysis of the causes for the use of energy, in overcoming air resistance, as residual losses,
when the ship is in service, has to be undertaken. as weather resistance and for wave generation.
FIG 4.1: ENERGY BALANCE OF A TYPICAL SMALL CARGO SHIP[1]

RESIDUAL HULL LOSS 3 HULL 1 AIR RESISTANCE
FRICTION
WAVE GENERATION 5 16 3 WEATHER & WAVE

2 TRANSMISSION
AXIAL PROPELLER LOSS 6
ROTATIONAL PROPELLER LOSS 4 PROPULSION 2 RADIATION
FRICTIONAL PROPELLER LOSS 3 28 COOLING WATER
PROPELLER 13 25 4 LUBE OIL

EXHAUST SHAFT HEAT
27 43 30

BUNKER
100

178 WATERWAYS