Page 176 - Technology Roadmap Transportation

TECHNOLOGY VISION 2035

international trade and 0.6% from domestic and 3.1.1 Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
fishing vessels) ). Fig 3.3 shows the contribution of It is an index quantifying the amount of CO
2
shipping to global CO emissions. that a new ship should emit in relation to the
2
goods transported. EEDI creates a common
The Third IMO Green House Gas Study 2014 metric (system of measurement) to measure
represents the most detailed and comprehensive and improve new ship efficiency. The metric is
global inventory of shipping emissions to date. calculated as the rate of CO emissions from a
2
As per the report, for the period 2007-2012, ship per transport work performed by the ship.
on an average total shipping accounted for CO CO emissions are directly related to energy
2
2
emissions at 3.1% as against 3.3% and International efficiency and are calculated as fuel consumption
Shipping accounted for 2.6% as against 2.7% multiplied by a fuel carbon factor. Transport work
slightly lower as reported by Second IMO GHG is calculated as a function of the cargo capacity of
study 2009. the ship and the designed ship speed.

Economic pressures and international legislation The EEDI is calculated by using the fundamental
now require a sensitive use of energy resources formula:
and a reduction of the associated emissions. Environmental Cost
IMO has been under a lot of pressure from the EEDI= Benefit for society
international community to implement strategies
for reduction and prevention of environment = Quantity of CO emissions
2
pollution from shipping. Transport work (tonne-mile of cargo moved)
P.SFC.C
f
Sustainable shipping with low carbon growth is = DWT. Vref
the need of the 21 century. Sustainability is a
st
development process that creates harmony with Where, P = 75% of the rated installed shaft power;
the natural environment and calls for measures SFC = the specific fuel consumption of the engine;
to secure the well-being of current and future C = Fuel carbon factor (CO emission rate
f 2
generations, while maintaining the growth of the based on fuel type);
industries at the same time. A three pronged DWT = Ship’s deadweight tonnage and
approach has been taken up by the IMO, which Vref = Vessel’s speed at designed load.
is aimed at providing substantial improvements
to ship energy efficiency and reduction of GHG The calculated EEDI (attained EEDI) based on
emissions from water transport. These three designed specifications and sea trials of new
measures are: ships will have to be below a reference value
(required EEDI) that is based on a regression of
Concept of Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) has
been introduced. This is a mandatory measure and is EEDI values from existing ships built between the
intended to stimulate improved energy efficiency in years 2000 to 2010 (reference line). The EEDI
the new ships, at the design stage itself. regulation applies to new cargo ships greater
than 400 Gross Tonnes (GT) and varies with ship
type, size and function. The categories of ships
Technical covered include oil and gas tankers, bulk carriers,
Measures general cargo ships, refrigerated cargo carriers,
and container ships. Together, the included ship
categories, account for 72% of CO emissions
2
Market from the new world fleet.
Operational Based
Measures Measures The regulation does not currently apply to
(MBMs)
passenger, mixed-use vessels {ferries, roll-on
roll-off (Ro-Ro) ships or vehicle carriers and
The concept of Ship Energy Efficiency This is to supplement the technical cruise ships}, and other specialty ships for
Management Plan (SEEMP) is also a and operational measures and which deadweight tonnage is not an adequate
mandatory measure and is intended to places a price on GHG emissions. representation of transportation capacity. It also
stimulate improved energy efficiency in It is still being deliberated at IMO
existing as well as new ships by optimis- and may include: emission trading, does not apply to ships fitted with non-standard
ing energy consumption in a variety of emission related levies – charges propulsion systems, such as diesel-electric,
operational conditions encountered and taxes, and emission offsetting turbine or hybrid propulsion systems. These may
through the life-cycle of a ship. in other sectors. be included by IMO at a later stage.

174 WATERWAYS