Page 52 - Technology Roadmap Transportation

TECHNOLOGY VISION 2035

FIG 2.6 EFFECT OF VEHICLE LIFE AND MAINTENANCE ON EMISSIONS [4]
100%

80%
60%
40%
20% Low inspection & maintenance
also in >4 years old vehicles
0%
Low inspection & maintenance
-20% 10-14 years old vehicles
Higher Mileage of old vehicles
-40%
With CPCB (2000) emission factors
-60%
Higher Mileage of new vehicles
-80% Low average annual mileage
-100% Change in survival rates
VKM Fuel CO 2 CO HC NOx PM SO 2

2.3 INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE AND total NO and −51% lower CO emissions [4].
X
CERTIFICATION The overall variation in emissions is large as the
The vehicle inspection, maintenance and vehicle emission factors are not constrained by
certification program is an effective tool to anything, notably not by the fuel consumed. The
monitor the health of vehicles as well as for high variations in CO and PM are due to large
improvement of the roadworthiness of the differences in the emission factors of vehicles
in-use vehicles. As India continues with setting until and after 2000, the first year of the more
more and more stringent emissions norms stringent EURO I equivalent emission norms; this
for new vehicles, this will only have a lasting concerns primarily M2W and M3W for CO and
effect if accompanied by a reliable system of HDT and busses for PM. Similarly, higher mileage
maintenance. One way could be to enforce of old vehicles also result in relatively higher
the mandatory inspections and to include a emissions as ~10% higher CO, ~4% HC, ~2%
comprehensive emission testing. A nationwide, NO and ~5% PM.
X
reliable system of inspection and maintenance
would also be an important measure to control Long-life roads and more durable structures will
emissions from the fleet of younger vehicles both reduce the maintenance costs of the road
that will still be in use for several years. Effect network and reduce traffic disruptions. Incident
of vehicle life and maintenance on emissions clearance will be quicker, aided by high-speed
is depicted in fig 2.6. Based on 2012 transport data gathering to record the ‘scene’ and to
vehicle data of 160 million vehicles and provide legal evidence, wherever and whenever
considering average CAGR, it is estimated that it is needed. Temporary structures using new
300 light-duty and 320 heavy-duty I and M light-weight materials can be deployed to relieve
centres will be required in India by 2020. The congestion during maintenance and reduce
current inspection practice definitely needs to the need for diversions. Lack of maintenance
be made more comprehensive, for instance of roads is a major issue in India. Provision for
including trucks and busses. This requires a maintenance of the National Highways comes
higher training of the people implementing from the non-plan budget and typically only
it as much as it requires infrastructure and one-third the required amount is provided. The
adequate financial, political and public support. introduction of toll roads on a ‘BOT’ basis has
Less maintenance and a higher deterioration helped ensure maintenance. The involvement of
across the whole fleet significantly affects the panchayats and other PRI agencies to ensure the
resulting total emissions: NO emissions may maintenance of rural roads may be a desirable
X
increase by 19%, while CO emissions might initiative. These and other alternative mechanisms
increase by as much as 68%. Inversely, assuming should be explored to strengthen maintenance
as low emission factors as CPCB (2000) for arrangements for the road network in the length
Delhi, i.e. a much higher level of maintenance in and breadth of the country. Research agenda for
the whole country, would result in −20% lower ‘I’ AND ’M’ is shown in table 2.2

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