Page 87 - Technology Roadmap Transportation

4
1991
1996
3
HC +NO X , g/km
2
BSI 2000
BSII 2005
1
BSIII 2008
0
2
1
3
0
CO, g/km
BHARAT STAGE II
BHARAT STAGE I
• To be phased out
• Secondary air
• Intake, exhaust,
• Fuel injection
2-Stroke
• Catalytic Converter
injection
combustion
SI Engines
• Catalytic Converter
optimization
• Catalytic Converter
(Higher loadings)
4-Stroke
• 4-stroke design
• Fuel injection
• 4-stroke design
• Carburetor
• Secondary air
SI Engines
• Secondary air injection
+catalytic converter
+secondary air
(specific power based)
injection
injection
• Lean burn
+Catalytic Converter
• Catalytic Converter BHARAT STAGE III 4 BHARAT STAGE IV 5
TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: TRANSPORTATION
FIGURE 5.2: EVOLUTION OF PASSENGER CAR SI ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES
2
1996
+
1998
HC +NO X , g/km 1 BSI 2000 +
BSII 2000 + +
BSIII 2005 +
EURO IV
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
CO, g/km
BHARAT STAGE I BHARAT STAGE II BHARAT STAGE III BHARAT STAGE IV
4 Wheelers • Intake, exhaust, • Fuel injection • Fuel injection • Direct
combustion • 3-W Catalytic Converter +Catalytic Converter • In-cylinder
optimization • Fixed EGR • Variable EGR injection
• Carburetor • CNG/LPG • Variable valve • Multi-brick
4-Stroke optimization timing catalytic converter
SI Engines • Air injection • Multi valve • Lean burn
• Catalytic converter • CNG/LPG • Electric/Hybrid
Vehicles
FIGURE 5.3: EVOLUTION OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE CI ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES
+ 0.5 +
PM, g/kWh
0.4
1992 + +
1996 0.3
BSI 2000
0.2
BSIII ETC 2005 + + + +
BSII 2000
+ 0.1 +
BSIII ESC 2005
BSIV ETC 2008 + +
BSIV ESC 2008 + +
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
NO , g/kWh CO, g/kWh
X
BHARAT STAGE I BHARAT STAGE II BHARAT STAGE III BHARAT STAGE IV
Diesel • Optimized ports, • Turbo charging • TC & inter cooling • Multi valve
Engines combustion • Inter cooling (based • Multi valve/ 2 valve • NO Trap
X
chambers on specific power) • Low swirl • Particulate trap
• Turbo charging • Moderate swirl • Injection pressure • Common rail injection
• Moderate to high • Injection pressure >1200 bar • Injection
injection pressures >800 bar • Unit injector/ common pressure>1600 bar
(600-800 bar) • Rotary pump rail injection/ Rotary • On-board diagnostic
• Inline/rotary • VCO nozzle pump system
• Conversion to • Injection rate shaping • VGT
CNG/LPG • Oxycat • Cooled EGR
• Electronic injection control

ROADWAYS 85