Page 86 - Technology Roadmap Transportation

TECHNOLOGY VISION 2035

5.0

VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY

ISSUES

Road network moves people and goods 5.1 GLOBAL POWER-TRAIN
around and makes a major contribution to DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
the economy. It is used for work, education, Two major streams of technology in SI engine
shopping, and leisure and is also used widely are 2-stroke and 4-stroke technologies. 2-stroke
in every aspect of life. Road network supports engine technologies have been popular since
various transport modes such as bicycles, the 1990s mainly due to their simplicity and
motorbikes, cars, buses, vans and HCVs. low cost. However, 2-stroke technology is being
There are a number of requirements for phased out in favor of the more fuel efficient
owning, operating and driving vehicles. These 4-stroke engine technology. The 2-wheelers
include licenses for drivers of HCV and bus are moving from carburetion to fuel injection
operators, stringent driving tests and road safety technologies, due to more efficient control of
instructions and standards, safety of trucks and fuelling thereby resulting in better fuel economy,
buses and approvals for vehicle designs and higher power and lower emissions. The
components. These services may not always be evolution of two and three wheeler segment,
fully visible, but they touch the lives of every SI engine technologies used till date is shown in
individual, every day in one way or the other. figure 5.1.
All these measures ensure that all road users
including the occupants of the vehicles and the Both, the passenger car and SUV segment
pedestrians on the roads are safe. use SI and CI engine technologies. The SI

FIGURE 5.1: EVOLUTION OF TWO AND THREE WHEELER SI ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES
4
1991
1996
3

HC +NO X , g/km 2 BSI 2000

1 BSII 2005
BSIII 2008

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
CO, g/km

BHARAT STAGE I BHARAT STAGE II BHARAT STAGE III BHARAT STAGE IV
2-Stroke • Intake, exhaust, • Secondary air • Fuel injection • To be phased out
SI Engines combustion injection • Catalytic Converter
optimization • Catalytic Converter
• Catalytic Converter (Higher loadings)
4-Stroke • 4-stroke design • 4-stroke design • Carburetor • Fuel injection
SI Engines • Secondary air • Secondary air injection +secondary air +catalytic converter
injection (specific power based) injection • Lean burn
• Catalytic Converter +Catalytic Converter

84 ROADWAYS

2
1996

+
1998
HC +NO X , g/km 1 BSI 2000 +

BSII 2000 + +
BSIII 2005 +
EURO IV
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
CO, g/km
BHARAT STAGE I BHARAT STAGE II BHARAT STAGE III BHARAT STAGE IV
4 Wheelers • Intake, exhaust, • Fuel injection • Fuel injection • Direct
combustion • 3-W Catalytic Converter +Catalytic Converter • In-cylinder
optimization • Fixed EGR • Variable EGR injection
• Carburetor • CNG/LPG • Variable valve • Multi-brick
4-Stroke optimization timing catalytic converter
• Multi valve
• Lean burn
• Air injection
SI Engines
• Catalytic converter • CNG/LPG • Electric/Hybrid
Vehicles