Page 9 - Crisis in Higher Education

viii • Contents

2.3 Special Fees ......................................................................35
2.4 Cost of Textbooks and Learning Tools ........................39
2.5 Cost of Room and Board .............................................. 40
2.6 Miscellaneous Living Expenses ................................... 42
2.7 Is Higher Education a Good Investment? .................. 42
References ...................................................................................45

Chapter 3 Underlying Problems: Quality, Access, Graduation
Rate, Completion Time, and Jobs ................................... 47
3.1 Quality of Higher Education.........................................49
3.1.1 System-Wide Quality ........................................49
3.1.2 Instructional Quality ........................................50
3.2 Limited Access to Higher Education ...........................51
3.3 Low Graduation Rates and Extended
Completion Time .......................................................... 54
3.4 Low Job Placement Rates ...............................................57
References ...................................................................................58

Chapter 4 Understanding the Root Causes ...................................... 61

4.1 Summarizing the Underlying Problems with
Higher Education............................................................63
4.2 Understanding the Customers of Higher Education .....65
4.2.1 Unclear Messages...............................................67
4.2.2 Customers’ Values and Perspectives .............. 68
4.3 How a Lack of Understanding Customers
(Root Cause 1) Affects Underlying Problems .............71
4.4 How Declining State Support for Public
Universities (Root Cause 2) Affects
Underlying Problems .....................................................75
4.5 How the Rise of the Ruling Class—Administrators
(Root Cause 3)—Affects Underlying Problems ...............76
4.6 How Limited Productivity Improvements
(Root Cause 4) Affect the Underlying Problems ....... 80
4.7 How Rapidly Growing Costs for Books and Supplies
(Root Cause 5) Affect the Underlying Problems .............. 82
4.8 How the Funding Finesse—Mixing Fees
and Tuition (Root Cause 6)—Affects the
Underlying Problems .................................................... 84