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cucumbers with astounding            We accept machines that act like     if you have infinite disk space, the
        accuracy. The problem is that their   machines, but not the ones that     process is expensive.
        supervisors - the machine learning   do the human stuff, like talking,
        engineers or data scientists - don’t   smiling, singing or painting. Of   If you plan to use personal data,
        know exactly how they do it. The     course, this may change with time,   you will probably face additional
        problem is called a black box.       as new generations grow up in a      challenges. People around the
                                             digital environment, where they      world are more and more aware of
        Artificial Intelligence supervisors   interact with robots and algorithms.  the importance of protecting their
        understand the input (the data that                                       privacy. They may be unwilling
        the algorithm analyses) and the      Talent deficit                       to share them with you or issue
        output (the decision it makes).                                           a formal complaint if when they
        While the engineers are able to      Although many people are             realize you did it, even if you
        understand how a single prediction   attracted to the machine learning    obtained all they gave you their
        was made, it is very difficult to    industry, there are still very few   consent.
        understand how the whole model       specialists that can develop this
        works.                               technology. A good data scientist    Personal data and big data
                                             who understands machine              activities have also become more
        Some AI researchers, agree with      learning hardly ever has sufficient   difficult, risky and costly with the
        Google’s Ali Rahimi, who claims      knowledge of software engineeri           introduction of new regulations
        that machine learning has recently   ng.                                  protecting personal data, such as
        become a new form of “alchemy”,                                           the famous European General Data
        and the entire field has become      Data is not free at all              Protection Regulation.
        a black box. It is a significant
        obstacle in the development          As I mentioned above, to train a     The technology is very young
                                             machine learning model, you need
        of other AI applications like        big sets of data. It may seem that   Once again, from the outside, it
        medicine, driverless cars, or                                             looks like a fairytale. The biggest
        automatic assessment of credit       it’s not a problem anymore, since    tech corporations are spending
        rating. What if an algorithm’s       everyone can afford to store and     money on open source frameworks
        diagnosis is wrong?  How will        process petabytes of information.    for everyone. The Alphabet Inc.
                                             While storage may be cheap, it
        a car manufacturer explain the       requires time to collect a sufficient   (former Google) offers Tensor
        behavior of the autopilot when                                            Flow, while Microsoft cooperates
        a fatal accident happens? How        amount of data. Moreover, buying     with Facebook developing Open
        will a bank answer a customer’s      ready sets of data is expensive.     Neural Network Exchange
        complaint?                           There are also problems of a         (ONNX). These systems are
                                             different nature. Preparing data for   powered by data provided by
        The black box is a challenge for
        in-app recommendation services.      algorithm training is a complicated  business and individual users all
        It turns out that web application    process. Here’s an interesting post   around the world.
        users feel more comfortable when     on how it is done. You need to       You need time to achieve any
        they know more or less how the       know what problem you want your      satisfying results and planning is
                                             algorithm to solve, because you
        automatic suggestions work. That     will need to plan classification,    difficult
        is why many big data companies,
        like Netflix, reveal some of their   clustering, regression, and ranking   Traditional enterprise software
        trade secrets.                       ahead. You need to establish         development is pretty
                                             data collection mechanisms and       straightforward. You have your
        The research shows artificial        consistent formatting. Then you      business goals, functionalities,
        intelligence usually causes fear and   have to reduce data with attribute   choose technology to build it, and
        other negative emotions in people.   sampling, record sampling,           assume it will take some months to
        People are afraid of an object       or aggregating. You need to          release a working version.
        looking and behaving “almost         decompose the data and rescale it.
        like a human.” The phenomena is      It is a complex task that requires   In machine learning development
        called “uncanny valley”.             skilled engineers and time. So even   has more layers.


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