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Meteorology
3.9.6 Flying over mountain areas ..................................................................... 333
3.9.6.1 Mountain waves ......................................................... ………………………. 333
3.9.7 Runway condition .................................................................................... 335
3.9.7.1 Runway Condition Report (RCR) .......................................................... 335
3.9.7.2 Runway Condition Report .................................................................... 337
3.9.7.3 ATIS....................................................................................................... 338
3.9.7.4 Symbols on weather charts .................................................................. 338
3.10 Climatology .................................................................................................. 339
3.10.1 The climate in Europe ............................................................................... 339
3.11 Meteorological information ........................................................................ 341
3.11.1 NorthAviMet ............................................................................................ 341
3.11.2 Meteorologist’s tools ............................................................................... 342
3.11.3 Weather informations for flight preparation .......................................... 343
3.11.3.1 Analysis charts ................................................................................... 343
3.11.3.2 SIG-WX .............................................................................................. 344
3.11.3.3 LOW Level Forecast ........................................................................... 346
3.11.3.4 Observations – current weather ....................................................... 349
3.11.4 Weather – abbreviations and symbols .................................................... 351
3.11.4.1 Abbreviations and symbols on Significant Weather Chart ................ 351
3.11.4.2 Cloud symbols ................................................................................... 352
3.11.4.3 Weather phenomenon abbreviations ............................................... 353
3.11.4.4 Other weather symbols ..................................................................... 354
3.11.5 TAF, METAR, TREND, SPECI ...................................................................... 354
3.11.5.1 METAR (Meteorological Aerodrome Report) .................................... 355
3.11.5.2 CAVOK and SPECI ............................................................................... 358
3.11.5.3 MET REPORT and SPECI ...................................................................... 358
3.11.5.4 METAR from automatic observations ................................................ 358
3.11.5.5 TREND (Trend Forecast) ..................................................................... 359
3.11.5.6 NOSIG, BECMG, TEMPO ..................................................................... 360
3.11.5.7 NSW, NSC ........................................................................................... 361
3.11.5.8 TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast) .................................................. 361
3.11.5.9 SNOWTAM ......................................................................................... 362
3.11.5.10 Weather information during flight .................................................... 363
Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 212
