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The latter two can be drawn directly on your flight chart.

For PPL, you only need to know QDM and QDR.

It can be difficult to remember which is which, so here is a rule of thumb:

QDM = QD-Maintain - QDR = QD-Radial

9.9.1.2 Communication when requesting a bearing

A call from you to an airport to get a bearing could sound like this (= you

speaking, underlined = the airport speaking):

 Sindal Information OY-BKA

OY-BKA Sindal Information

 OY-BKA requesting QDM

O-KA Sindal QDM 270 degrees

 QDM 270 degrees O-KA

So, what does that tell us? Well, the magnetic heading to Sindal is 270 degrees.

The plane is east of Sindal. You correct for any crosswinds and fly towards Sindal.

You can get a new QDM and in this way see if the wind correction was correct,
or if the course needs to be changed.

9.9.1.3 Range and frequency protection

The range of a VDF bearing depends on your altitude:

square root of height in feet x1.23

The number is the range in NM.

Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 872