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272 Index
D‐dimer assays 65 thoracolumbar region 183, 205–207
decubital ulcers 248, 248, 266, 266 vs cervical hemilaminectomy 149–150, 150–151
degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) 223–230 dorsal–lateral approach to lateral cervical spine, modified
conservative and medical therapy 225 indications 164, 164
diagnosis 224–225 surgical technique 166, 166–167
imaging 80, 224–225, 224–226 dorsal longitudinal ligament 200, 201, 201
pathophysiology 223–224 dorsal sagittal sinus 105, 123, 123
postoperative outcomes 229–230, 231 dorsolateral thoracolumbar approaches
surgical treatment see lumbosacral decompression and disc fenestration 194
foraminotomy lateral corpectomy 199
dens (odontoid process) 141 pediculectomy/mini‐hemilaminectomy 184, 184–185, 185, 186
developmental abnormalities 141, 142 double myelographic line sign 78
resection 146 dragging the limbs
dental tartar scraper 7, 8 abrasion sores 266, 267
dentate ligament 181 preventing and treating 265, 265
depth gauges 14 draping 3, 4
desmopressin (DDAVP) 64 drill bits, size 14
dexmedetomidine 246 drills, power 6, 7
diazepam 251, 251, 267 dry tap 89–90
diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) 41 dura mater
diploic hemorrhage 154, 154 closure of defects 114, 114, 118, 118
Dirofilaria immitis larva 151 lateral rostrotentorial craniectomy 110, 113
disabilities, permanent 267, 268 transfrontal craniotomy 105, 106
discospondylitis 90, 223–224 durotomy
diverticuloperitoneal shunting 135, 136 lateral cervical approach 166
Doberman Pinschers spinal neoplasia 240–241, 241
cardiac disease 22 thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy 181–182
von Willebrand disease 25, 64, 160
dolichocephalic dogs eccentrocytes 60, 60
frontal sinus 99, 100 echinocytes 60
transfrontal craniotomy 104, 105 electrical stimulation 258
Doppler ultrasonography electrocardiogram (ECG) 22, 24, 68, 68
intraoperative 46 electrolytes, serum 23, 24, 62
transcranial 32, 32 electromyography (EMG) 163
dorsal approaches electrosurgical instruments 3, 4
cervical spine 144, 149, 150–153 elevators, soft tissue 4, 6
occipital–atlantoaxial vertebral canal (medulla to C2) empyema, intracranial 44, 102, 102
155–156 endocrine evaluation, preoperative 23
pediculectomy/mini‐hemilaminectomy 185 endoscope‐assisted minimally invasive surgery 160, 202
thoracolumbar disc fenestration 194 endoscopy 3, 4
dorsal atlantoaxial ligament 117–118, 141 enteral nutrition 252, 252
dorsal laminotomy of C2 155, 155–156 environment, adaptation of home 267–268
prosthetic replacement 144 eosinophilia 61
dorsal decompression of cervical spine 149–156 epidural abscess 90
complete dorsal laminectomy 153–155 epidural space
dorsal surgical approach 150–153, 152 inadvertent injection of contrast 72, 73
hemilaminectomy (C3–T1) 155 lumbosacral region 86
indications 149 erythrocytes 60, 60–61
laminectomy vs hemilaminectomy 149–150, 150–151 erythrocytosis 61
occipital–atlantoaxial region (medulla to C2) 155–156 erythromycin 253
dorsal laminectomy esophagostomy tube (E‐tube) 252
C1–C2 155 exercise restriction, after spinal surgery 254–255
C3–thoracic vertebrae 153, 153–155, 154, 173 exercises, therapeutic 254, 259–264
classification 205, 206 lateral recumbency 259–260, 259–260
deep 206, 207 standing position 260–262, 261–264
Funkquist A 206, 206 water‐based 262–264, 264
Funkquist B 205, 206, 206 exoscopy 3, 4
indications 205 external skeletal fixation (ESF) 215
lumbosacral region 226–228, 227–228 extradural spinal lesions
modified 205, 206, 206–207 diagnostic imaging 76–77, 77, 81
spinal trauma 209 intervertebral disc disease 78, 79
surgical approach 205–206, 206 neoplasia 235, 236, 238–239
