Page 727 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index

Note: Page numbers followed by f, t, and b indicate figures, tables, and boxed material, respectively.

A potassium in, 95, 99–100, 108, 248, 250, terminology for, 237–238, 302
276–277, 279f vomiting-related, 444–445, 446
Abdominal compartment syndrome, 397 renal regulation of, 246–250 Acidemia, 238–239
perioperative management of, 412 ammonium excretion and, 248–250, 248f, definition of, 237–238, 302
Abdominocentesis, for ascites, 490–492, 249f, 250f, 254 Acidity, 231
491f bicarbonate reabsorption and, 246–248, pH and, 231–232
ACE inhibitors, 522t 246f, 247f, 248f titratable, 248
for heart failure, 522t, 525, 526, 529, titratable acidity and, 248 Acidosis. See also Metabolic acidosis;
530–531 respiratory component of, 245 Respiratory acidosis
for refractory edema/effusions, 531–532 strong ion difference and, 245 definition of, 237–238, 302
renal effects of, 522t, 525 tissue perfusion and, 392 renal tubular
Acepromazine, 416 urea cycle in, 458–459, 459f distal (typ. 1), 257, 258, 259, 259t
for heart failure, 528–529 whole-body regulation of, 246 proximal (typ. 2), 257–258, 259, 259t
Acetate, as fluid additive, 340, 341 Acid-base disorders typ. 4, 259
Acetated polyionic solutions anion gap in, 13–14, 13f, 243–244, 307 Acinar cells, pancreatic, 438–439
complications with, 394 in metabolic acidosis, 14, 81–82, 244 Acromegaly, hyperphosphatemia and, 204
drug interactions with, 410 clinical approach to, 305 ACTH
electrolyte content of, 339 compensation in, 238, 238t, 239, 239t, 243, deficiency of, in hypoadrenocorticism,
perioperative use of, 422 302, 303 506
Acetazolamide, 523t, 524
data for, 304 in liver disease, 469
Acetylcholine, in fluid and electrolyte balance,
respiratory, 303, 304 ACTH stimulation test, 445, 507
442
defense mechanisms in, 237 Activated charcoal
Acid(s)
diagnosis of, 242–243 in hemoperfusion, 704, 707
daily net gain of, 245
Henderson-Hasselbalch approach to, 317, for hepatic encephalopathy, 484t
ionization (dissociation) constant for, 232
318, 327 Activated clotting time, 399, 400
sources of, 245
routine screening in, 317, 318 Acute intrinsic renal failure, hypercalcemia and,
strength of, 232
strong ion approach to, 316–329. 138, 155
Acid citrate dextrose (ACD), 592, 592t. See also Strong ion approach grape/raisin ingestion and, 155–156
See also Citrate, as blood additive total CO 2 and, 317, 318 Acute kidney injury. See Renal failure, acute
Acid-base balance diarrheal, 444–445, 446 Acute-phase reactants, 461
acidity and, 231 evaluation of, nontraditional approach to, Addison’s disease. See Hypoadrenocorticism
alveolar ventilation in, 289 245 Additives
assessment of in heart failure, 527 for blood products, 592, 592t, 594.
in fluid therapy, 392 treatment for, 532–534 See also Transfusion(s), blood
nontraditional approach to, 245 in hepatic encephalopathy, 482–483 products for
buffering in, 237 hyperkalemia and, 248, 250 fluid, 338, 339, 340. See also Fluid therapy
carbon dioxide elimination in, 289 hypoxemia in, 289 labels for, 344
chloride in, 81–82, 83, 276–277, 279f in liver disease, 474–478, 482–483, 487 Adipsia, hypernatremia and, 55
external hydrogen ion balance and, 245 metabolic, 253–286. See also Metabolic Administration sets, 378. See also Intravenous
in hemodialysis, 694–695 acidosis; Metabolic alkalosis catheters
hepatic nitrogen metabolism and, 458–459, mixed. See Mixed acid-base disorders Adrenal tumors, hypokalemia and, 106
459f, 462 perfusion in, 392 Adrenocorticotropic hormone
hydrochloric acid in, 276, 278f preexisting conditions for, 302, 303 deficiency of, in hypoadrenocorticism, 506
hypercalcemia and, 137 primary, 238, 238t in liver disease, 469
in hypokalemia, 102–103 respiratory, 287–301. See also Respiratory Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test,
isohydric principle and, 234–235
acidosis; Respiratory alkalosis 445, 507
liver in, 246
simple, 238–239, 302, 303 Adsol, 592
lungs in, 246
strong ion approach to, 316–329. Afferent arterioles, 29, 29f, 31, 31f
metabolic component of, 245
See also Strong ion approach; Strong ion glomerular filtration rate and, 29, 29f,
normal values for, 242t
difference 31–32, 31f
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