Page 731 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 719

measurement of, 133–135 fluid requirements and, 21 Cardiac index, hemoglobin and, 406, 407
normal values for, 132t, 135 for hospitalized animals, 626–627, 626f Cardiac output
regulation of, 133 Cancer assessment of, 418
total calcium and, 132, 163–164 anal sac, hypercalcemia in, 148–149, 149f blood pressure and, 514, 515b, 515f
in lactation, 216 bone metastases in, hypercalcemia and, 150 central venous pressure and, 379, 380
measurement of, 132–136 calcitriol for, 131 in fluid therapy monitoring, 390
parathyroid hormone and, 122–127 hypercalcemia in, 139, 140f, 141b, 142t, in heart failure, 516, 537
protein-bound, measurement of, 135 145–150, 145f, 146f, 156 in hypovolemia, 418
regulation of, 120–121 in lymphoma, 147–148, 147f, 149–150 mean arterial pressure and, 389
renal resorption of, 127 lymphoma variables affecting, 515b
in signaling, 120, 122 hypercalcemia in, 147–148, 147f Cardicarb, for lactic acidosis, 269
supplemental occult, L-asparaginase challenge for, Cardiogenic shock, 557–558, 558t, 560t,
adverse effects of, 175, 176 159–160 577–578. See also Shock
hypercalcemia and, 177–178 lymphosarcoma, lactic acidosis in, 268 case study of, 577–578
for hypoadrenocorticism, 508–509 multiple myeloma, hypercalcemia in, causes of, 561
for hypocalcemia, 174–177, 175t 149–150 dobutamine for, 529
in acute management, 174–175 tumor lysis syndrome in, hypocalcemia and, pathophysiology of, 561
in chronic maintenance, 176–177 169 signs of, 561
in subacute management, 175–176 Canine distemper, hypoparathyroidism and, Cardiomyopathy
intravenous, 174–175 173 hypertrophic, 520
monitoring for, 177–178 Capillaries hypomagnesemia and, 218
oral, 176–177 continuous, 648 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
for posttransfusion hypocalcemia, discontinuous, 648 hypernatremia due to, 60
597–598, 597t fenestrated, 648 hypocalcemia due to, 167
subcutaneous, 176 fluid exchange in, 12–13, 13f, 648–649. lactic acidosis and, 267–268
threshold membrane potential and, 93–94 See also Transvascular fluid dynamics Cardiovascular disease, perioperative
total, 121, 132–133 Capillary blood samples, 241 management of, 413
in hypocalcemia, 163–164 Capillary endothelium, 26 Cardiovascular effects
transport of, calcitriol in, 130 glomerular, 26, 28f of dehydration, 334
with whole blood, 429 Capillary filtration pressure, 13 of hypercalcemia, 139
Calcium balance, 120–121 Capillary hydrostatic pressure, 12–13, 13f of hyperkalemia, 108, 109f
disturbances of. See Hypercalcemia; Capillary leak disorders, 396 of hypokalemia, 103–104
Hypocalcemia Capillary oncotic pressure, 12–13, 13f of hypomagnesemia, 217–218
Calcium carbonate Capillary refill time, 387, 417 of hypophosphatemia, 198
for hypocalcemia, 175t, 176–177 in fluid therapy monitoring, 387, 390 of metabolic acidosis, 254–255
for uremic acidosis, 265 Capillary walls, 647–648 of respiratory acidosis, 295, 296
Calcium channel blockers, for oliguria, 549 Carbenicillin, metabolic alkalosis due to, 279 L-Carnitine, for hepatic encephalopathy,
Calcium chloride Carbohydrates, fermentable, for hepatic 483–484
for hypocalcemia, 175t encephalopathy, 484–485, 484t Carvedilol, for heart failure, 530–531
for posttransfusion hypocalcemia, 597t Carbon dioxide, 231 Cat food. See also Diet
with whole blood, 429 bicarbonate–carbonic acid system hypervitaminosis D due to, 153
Calcium gluconate and, 294 Catecholamines, 522t
for hyperkalemia, 113, 114b buffering of, 294 for heart failure, 529
in renal failure, 552, 552f decreased. See Hypocapnia renal effects of, 522t
for hypoadrenocorticism, 508–509 diffusion and transport of, 289 for shock, 572–574, 573t
for hypocalcemia, 174–175, 175t, 176 elimination of, 288, 289 in sodium balance, 49–50, 51t
posttransfusion, 597t increased. See Hypercapnia Catheter(s)
in renal failure, 553 measurement of, 297. See also Blood gas central venous, 354, 365, 366
for puerperal tetany, 167–168 analysis fluted-T, 669–670, 670f
subcutaneous, 176 partial pressure of. See PCO 2 infection of, 375
with whole blood, 429 solubility coefficient of, 235 prevention of, 355, 372, 373
Calcium lactate, for hypocalcemia, 175t titration curves for, 240, 240f site selection and, 355
Calcium oxalate crystals, in ethylene glycol Carbon dioxide combining power, 240 intravenous. See Intravenous catheters
poisoning, 261 Carbon dioxide content, total, 239–240 for parenteral nutrition, 616–618, 618f
Calcium receptor, 122 Carbon dioxide tension, arterial, alveolar monitoring of, 620
parathyroid hormone and, 124 ventilation and, 287, 288 percutaneous, 357. See also Percutaneous
Calcium-containing phosphate binders, 144, Carbon dioxide/pH-sensitive chemoreceptors, catheters
201t, 205, 554 288 percutaneous cystostomy tube, 669, 670f
hypercalcemia due to, 144 Carbonic acid for peritoneal dialysis, 669–672, 669b, 676
Calcium/magnesium sensing receptor, 215, bicarbonate and, 235–236, 275 plasticizer leakage from, 617–618
216 pulmonary excretion of, 289 pulmonary artery, 387
Calcium-oxalate urolithiasis, hypercalcemia Carbonic anhydrase, 235, 236 safety, 353
and, 138, 154 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 523f, 523t, 524. Stamey percutaneous suprapubic, 669, 670f
Calciuretics, for hypercalcemia, 157–159, 158t See also Diuretics subcutaneous, 342, 351, 400
Calculated osmolality, 9–10, 11, 14 metabolic acidosis due to, 259 Swan Neck, 669–670, 672
Calculi, urinary, hypercalcemia and, 138, 154 Cardiac arrest, lactic acidosis and, 267–268 Swan-Ganz, 536–537, 536f, 537–538
Caloric requirements, 332, 333 Cardiac arrhythmias. See Arrhythmias Tenckhoff, 669, 670f