Page 732 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

720 INDEX

Catheter(s) (Continued) Chinese finger trap suture, for nasoenteral electrolyte imbalances in, 469–470
urinary tubes, 631, 631f fluid retention in, 468–470. See also Fluid
infection of, 418, 549 Chlorhexidine, for intravenous catheters, 356 retention, in liver disease
for output measurement, 418 Chloride hypoalbuminemia in, 461
vascular access procedures for, 365 in acid-base balance, 276–277, 279f hyponatremia and, 65–66
emergency cut-down, 366, 368 in body fluids, 4–5, 5t, laboratory findings in, 462, 463f
intraosseous, 370 80–81, 80b sodium retention in, 468–470
minicut-down, 366 in commercial fluids, 338, 339, 340, 341 Citrate
percutaneous facilitation, 365 concentration of, 80, 80b as blood additive, 592, 592t
Catheter embolism, 377 sodium concentration and, 81, 83–85 acid citrate dextrose, 592, 592t
Catheter infections corrected, 83–84 citrate phosphate dextrose, 592
in hemodialysis, 708 excretion of, 83 citrate phosphate dextrose 2, 592, 592t
intravenous, 375 in gastric juice, 80–81, 80b citrate phosphate dextrose adenine, 592,
prevention of, 355, 372, 373 in hemodialysate, 693 592t
site selection and, 355 measurement of, 84 hemorrhage due to, 493
in peritoneal dialysis, 673, 674b in metabolic acidosis, 81–82, 83, 88 hypercitratemia due to, 476
vascular, prevention of, 372, 373 for metabolic alkalosis, 276–277, 279–280 metabolic alkalosis due to, 474, 476
Catheter introducers, 352, 368, 369 in metabolic alkalosis, 82–83 sodium citrate, 592t
Catheter site thrombosis, 355, 375, 376 metabolism of, 80–81 as fluid additive, 340
in hemodialysis, 708 gastrointestinal, 80–81, 80b in hemodialysis, 697–698
Cation(s), 7 renal, 81 metabolism of, in liver disease, 476
concentration of, 243, 243t sodium metabolism and, 80–81, 83–84 Citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (CPDA-1),
Cation exchange resins, for hyperkalemia, 114, in pancreatic juice, 80–81 592, 592t
114b renal bicarbonate reabsorption and, 247–248 Clindamycin, for sepsis/septic shock, 574
in renal failure, 552f, 553 renal transport of, 38, 81 Clodronate, for hypercalcemia, 158t, 160–162
Cationic amino acids, metabolic acidosis due to, in respiratory acidosis, 83 Clotting, in hemodialysis, 697–698
260 as strong anion, 82, 306 CO 2 combining power, 240
Cation-sensing receptor, 215, 216 strong ion difference and, 81, 82, 85, 88, 306 Coagulation defects
Cefoxitin, for sepsis/septic shock, 574 Chloride gap, 306 colloid-related, 394, 399, 400, 568,
Ceftazidime, for sepsis/septic shock, 574 Chloride imbalances, 84–88. 657–658, 659
Central diabetes insipidus, 56, 57 See also Hyperchloremia; Hypochloremia dextran-related, 423, 427, 490
Central venous catheters, 354, 365, 366. classification of, 84t gelatin solution–related, 427
See also Intravenous catheters clinical approach to, 83–84 hetastarch-related, 425, 492
guided, 352, 354, 365, 366 evaluation of, 85f in liver disease, 492–493
indications for, 355 fluid therapy and, 393 perioperative management of, 413, 417
monitoring of, 379 Chloride shift, 80, 289 posttransfusion, 597–598, 597t
peripherally inserted, 352, 354 Chloride-resistant metabolic alkalosis, tests for, colloid effects on, 659
Central venous pressure 278–279, 322 Cobalamin
in fluid challenge, 379, 388, 389 Chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis, absorption of, 437–438, 439
in hydration assessment, 545 271–272 deficiency of
monitoring of, 348, 379, 381, 387, 388, 396 Chlorothiazide hypophosphatemia and, 200
in heart failure, 535–538, 536f, 537f, 538f for central diabetes insipidus, 57 in liver disease, 480
in hypovolemic shock, 546 for hyperkalemia, 114, 114b Collecting ducts
interpreting results in, 381, 382 Chlorpropamide, for central diabetes insipidus, functions of, 26, 27f,38
measurement methods in, 380 57 permeability of, 37t, 38–39
perioperative, 418 Cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ), 128. in urinary concentration, 38–39
in shock, 570–571 See also Vitamin D Colloid(s). See also Fluid therapy
right atrial pressure and, 379, 380, 388 metabolism of, 41–42 advantages of, 336
Cephalic vein, catheterization of, 358, 359 toxicity of, 152–153, 160 adverse effects of, 394, 490, 568, 657–658
Cephalic venous blood samples, 241, 242t. calcitriol for, 152–153, 160 anaphylaxis, 658
See also Blood gas analysis hypervitaminosis D and, 163 coagulopathy, 394, 399, 400, 657–658
Cerebral edema Cholecystokinin, 438–439, 439f immune-mediated reactions, 395
in diabetic ketoacidosis, 501–502 Cimetidine, for metabolic alkalosis, 280 pulmonary edema, 395
hypernatremia and, 60 Cinacalcet renal, 394, 545, 658
hyponatremia and, 68 for hypercalcemia, 163 volume overload, 658
perioperative management of, 412, 419 for hyperparathyroidism, 124 for ascites, 489–490, 491–492
Cerebral salt wasting, 67 Circulation for chronic hypoproteinemia, 656–657
Chemical ablation, of parathyroid, 152 in heart failure, 516–520 degree of volume expansion by, 652
Chemical reactions, rate of, 232 normal, 514–516 duration of action of, 652
Chemoreceptor(s) of respiratory unit, 518f hemostatic effects of, 394, 399, 400,
in respiration, 287, 288 Circulatory overload. See also Hypervolemia 657–658
in shock, 561 colloid-related, 658 for hypoalbuminemia, in renal failure,
Chemoreceptor trigger zone, 443, 443f transfusion-related, 597t, 598 545–546
Chemoreflexes, in respiration, Circulatory shock, 557–558, 558t, 560t. laboratory tests for, 658–659
287, 288 See also Shock molecular size in, 652, 653
Chemotherapy, tumor lysis syndrome in, Cirrhosis. See also Ascites; Liver disease molecular weight in, 652, 653–654
hypocalcemia and, 169 acid-base disturbances in, 476–477, 478f monitoring of, 658–659