Page 737 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 725

prostaglandins and, 470 calculation of, 345, 391 hydration and, 392
splanchnic arterial vasodilatation and, 468, ins and outs method of, 547 intravascular volume in, 388
470 complications related to, 388, 389, 395, laboratory findings in, 348
steroid hormones and, 469 399 lactate in, 392
Fluid shifts, 10–12, 12f correct administration of, 344 mean arterial pressure in, 387
Fluid status dehydration, 347 overview of, 386
assessment of, in fluid therapy monitoring, increase in, 346 packed cell volume in, 390
387 labels for, 344, 345 perfusion and, 392
body weight and, 334, 335 maintenance energy requirement and, 346 orders for, 344
Fluid therapy, 330–350 See also specific disorders maintenance fluid requirement and, 15, for perfusion vs. tissue water deficits, 400
acid-base status and, 334 345, 346, 347 perioperative, 417
administration of, 378 ongoing losses and, 346 animal positioning for, 415
perioperative, 415 replacement requirement and, 345, 348 catheter sites for, 415
administration rate in, 343, 355, 546–547 fluids for. See also specific fluids colloids in, 423, 424, 426, 430
administration routes in, 342, 351 additives in, 338, 339, 340 for composition changes, 419
complications related to, 400 labels for, 344 crystalloids in, 420, 430
enteral, 400 balanced, 336 for distribution changes, 419
intramedullary, 343 colloid, 336. See also Colloid(s) for functional changes, 420
intraosseous, 343, 352, 401. crystalloid, 337. See also Crystalloids intraoperative, 419, 420
See also Intraosseous route drug interactions with, 410 line connections in, 415
intraperitoneal, 342, 401 electrolyte content of, 334, 338, 339, 340, postoperative, 430
intravenous, 342, 352, 401 341 preoperative, 405
oral, 342 osmolality of, 338 rate of, 344
subcutaneous, 342, 351, 400 preservatives in, 342 routes of administration in, 415
administration sets for, 378 selection of, 336, 386, 393, 399 thermodynamic considerations in, 416
during anesthesia, 344 temperature of, 416 for volume changes, 417
for anorexic animals, 334, 336 unbalanced, 336 physical examination in, 348, 386, 387, 390
blood products with, 399. goals of, 344, 355, 387, 417 pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in, 387
See also Transfusion(s) for heart failure, 532–538 in pulmonary edema, 395, 396
Buretrol system for, 344, 346 indications for, 532 for pure water loss, 60–61
catheters for, 352, 353. See also Catheter(s); monitoring in, 535–538 purpose of, 344, 355
Intravenous catheters solutions for, 532–534 rehydration phase of, 332
complications of, 349, 375, 393 for hemorrhage, 397. See also Hemorrhage, for renal failure, 544–556. See also Renal
abdominal compartment syndrome, 397 management of; Hemorrhagic shock failure, fluid therapy for
blood loss, 397 hydration deficit in, calculation of, 345 in renal failure, 549
catheter-related. See under Catheter hyperalbuminemia and, 461 for respiratory acidosis, 296
with colloids, 394 for hypercalcemia, 157, 158t resuscitation phase of, 332
with crystalloids, 393 hyperchloremia and, 88 for salt poisoning, 60–61
diuresis and electrolyte loss, 395 for hyperkalemia, 113, 114b for shock, 331
effusions, 397 for hypernatremia, 60–61 in shock, 570–572
interstitial edema, 395 for hyperphosphatemia, 204–206 solution container labels for, 344, 345, 359,
pulmonary edema, 395, 396 hypervolemia in, 388, 389, 395 378
route-related, 400 signs of, 395, 396 solution potassium content in, 105
volume-related, 388, 389, 395, 399 hypokalemia and, 338 technical aspects of, 351–385
components of, 344 myelinolysis and, 52–53, 68, 69 total solids (protein) in, 390
for dehydration, 332 for hyponatremia, 68–70 treatment plan for, 386
for diarrhea, 445–447 for hypovolemic shock, 546 urinary output in, 348, 391
discontinuation of, 349 indications for, 334 urine specific gravity in, 387
documentation of, 344 infusion pumps for, 344, 345, 378, 379 for vomiting, 338, 445–447
drip rate in initial assessment in, 345 vs. transfusions, 585
calculation of, 344, 378 ins and outs method for, 547 weighing in, 378, 391
regulation of, 378 for liver disease, 485–487 Flushing, catheter, 373
edema in, 547 monitoring of, 348, 378, 386, 387 Fluted-T catheter, 669–670, 670f
pulmonary, 395, 396, 547 acid-base balance in, 392 Folate deficiency, hypophosphatemia and, 200
electrolyte status and, 334, 338, 340 analgesia for, 390 Fomepizole, for ethylene glycol poisoning,
for endocrine and metabolic disorders, arterial blood pressure in, 387, 389, 390 261–262
500–513 assessment parameters in, 387 Food. See also Diet; Nutrition
endpoints in, 387 cardiac output in, 390 caloric content of, 21
enteral water in, 546 central venous pressure in, 348, 387, 388, cat, hypervitaminosis D due to, 153
for excess sodium ingestion, 60–61 389, 396 metabolic water content of, 20, 21t
extravasation in, 375, 401 colloid osmotic pressure in, 10, 393, 396 water in, 17, 21t
failure of, 346 for complications, 393. See also Fluid Food aversions, 627–628
fluid challenge in, central venous pressure in, therapy, complications of Food intake, stimulation of, 627–628
379, 388, 389 electrocardiography in, 393 Foreign bodies, gastrointestinal, 451
fluid volume in, 344 electrolyte concentrations in, 393 metabolic alkalosis and, 271
basal energy requirements and, 345, in heart failure, 535–538, 536f, Formula weight, 6
346, 347 537f, 538f Forward heart failure, 516, 519f