Page 741 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 729

metabolic acidosis and, 245 for hyperkalemia, 508–509 in small intestinal disease, 168
[A tot ], 319, 320 for metabolic acidosis, 509 sodium bicarbonate and, 169
metabolic alkalosis and, 245 mineralocorticoids in, 508 tetany in, 167–168, 174
in renal failure, 553–554 Hypoalbuminemia eclampsia and, 174–175
treatment of, 204–206. See also Phosphate in acute pancreatitis, 449 treatment of, 174–175
binders anion gap and, 244, 307 transfusion-related, 429
Hyperproteinemia ascites and, 463f, 464, 488–489 treatment of, 174–177, 175t
perioperative management of, 408 causes of, 461 acute, 174–177
pseudohypernatremia and, 62–63 in cirrhosis, 461 in critical care, 167–168
Hypersensitivity. See Allergic reactions dilutional, 461 emergency, 167–168
Hypersthenuria, 46 globulin concentration in, 464 subacute, 175–176
Hypertension human albumin for, 395, 588 tumor lysis syndrome and, 169
arterial hypocalcemia and, 165, 166t, 462–463 vitamin D deficiency and, 169–170
hypercalcemia and, 139 in liver disease, 462–464, 474 Hypocapnia
hypomagnesemia and, 217–218 in malnutrition, 623 in metabolic acidosis, 254
intracranial, perioperative management of, metabolic alkalosis and, 306 primary. See Respiratory alkalosis
412, 419 [A tot ], 319, 320 Hypochloremia
portal, 468 in peritoneal dialysis, 676–677 artifactual, 84–85, 84t
Hyperthermia, in heatstroke, 334, 510–511 in protein-losing enteropathy, 447–448 corrected, 84t,85f, 86–87, 86b
Hyperthyroidism in renal failure, 545–546 exercise-related, 86, 88
hyperphosphatemia and, 204 Hypoaldosteronism, 112 fluid therapy and, 393
perioperative management of, 415 hyperkalemia and, 112 in heart failure, 527, 534
Hypertonic fluid loss, 11, 12t hyporeninemic, metabolic acidosis in, 259 in hypoadrenocorticism, 507
dehydration and, 46–47, 47f Hypocalcemia, 163–177 metabolic alkalosis and, 306, 307
pure water deficit and, 54–57, 54b in acute pancreatitis, 449, 450 strong ion difference and, 321, 322
Hypertonic solutions, 46 after parathyroidectomy, 169, 171, 177–178 in respiratory acidosis, 294
perioperative use of, 423 after rapid correction of hypercalcemia, 169 Hypodermoclysis, 351
Hypertonicity, pure water loss and, 54–57 after thyroidectomy, 169, 171, 172, 173, Hypodipsia, hypernatremia and, 54, 55
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 520 174, 177–178 Hypoglycemia, 509
Hyperventilation, in metabolic acidosis, 254 causes of, 165–171, 166b, 166t in acute pancreatitis, 450
Hypervitaminosis D citrate-rich blood and, 476 brain injury in, 509
hypercalcemia and, 139, 140f, 152–153 clinical approach to, 165 causes of, 509
hyperparathyroidism and, 203 clinical signs of, 164–165, 164b fluid therapy for, 509
hyperphosphatemia and, 163 complications of, 177–178 in hepatic encephalopathy, 481–483
treatment of, 163 critical illness and, 167–168 in hypoadrenocorticism, 507, 508
Hypervolemia. See also Fluid retention differential diagnosis of, 165–171 in liver disease, 481–483
abdominal compartment syndrome drug-related, 171–174 perioperative management of, 409
and, 397 eclampsia and, 167–168, 174 Hypokalemia, 101–108
colloid-related, 658 in ethylene glycol poisoning, 173, 261 acid-base balance and, 102–103
in critical illness, 397 follow-up in, 177–178 in acute pancreatitis, 449
in fluid therapy, 388, 389, 395, 397 hyperkalemia and, 93–94, 168 ammoniagenesis and, 104–105, 466
hemodialysis for, 699–702 hyperphosphatemia and, 201–202 arrhythmias and, 103–104
in hypernatremia, 60 hypoalbuminemia and, 165, 166t, 462–463 causes of, 102b, 105–107
perioperative management of, 406 hypokalemia and, 164 clinical approach to, 102f
perioperative monitoring for, 417 hypomagnesemia and, 168, 219, 220 clinical features of, 101–105
posttransfusion, 597–598, 597t hypoparathyroidism and, 165, 166t, in diabetes mellitus, 108–109
Hypervolemic hyponatremia, 65–66 171–173. See also Hypoparathyroidism in diabetic ketoacidosis, 501, 504
Hypoadrenocorticism, 506–509 ionized vs. total calcium in, 163–164 diagnosis of, 102f
clinical findings in, 506–507 laboratory definition of, 163–164 diarrheal, 444–445
diagnosis of, 445, 507 laboratory findings in, 132–136, 165, 166t diuretic-related, 100
diarrhea and, 445 in metabolic acidosis, 168 drug-related, 106–107
differential diagnosis of, 445 neuromuscular irritability in, 274, 274f in fluid therapy, 338
hypercalcemia in, 139, 142t, 143, 507 normal response to, 131–132 gastrointestinal potassium loss in, 105
hyperchloremia in, 86, 87–88 pansteatitis and, 173 in heart failure, 526–527, 533–534
hyperkalemia in, 64–65, 112, 508–509 parathyroid hormone in, 131–132, 165, in hepatic encephalopathy, 482–483
hyponatremia in, 63, 64–65, 112 169–171, 171–173 hypercalcemia and, 93–94, 137
myelinolysis and, 69, 508 pathogenesis of, 165 hypocalcemia and, 164
iatrogenic, 506 perioperative management of, 409 hypomagnesemia and, 218–219, 220
metabolic acidosis and, 260, 509 postparturient, 216 iatrogenic, 105
pathophysiology of, 506 posttransfusion, 597–598, 597t laboratory features of, 101–105
perioperative management of, 415 in protein-losing enteropathy, 447–448 in liver disease, 464–466, 482–483
primary, 506 in renal failure, 165–167, 553 in metabolic alkalosis, 271–272, 273, 274,
secondary, 506 respiratory alkalosis and, 173–174 276–277
in shock, 575 secondary hyperparathyroidism and, 167 treatment of, 279–280
treatment of, 507–509 nutritional, 169–170 muscle weakness and, 103, 105
fluid therapy in, 334, 507, 508 seizures in, 164–165, 174 perioperative management of, 408
glucocorticoids in, 508 treatment of, 174–175 renal bicarbonate reabsorption in, 248