Page 746 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

734 INDEX

Mixed acid-base disorders, 237–239, 243, in erythrocytes, 100–101 in liver disease, 479–482, 483–484, 485
302–315 magnesium and, 218–219 nutrient metabolic water content and, 20, 21t
+
+
-
additive, 311 Na -K -Cl cotransporter, 47 Nutritional assessment
anion gap in, 244 magnesium and, 47 for enteral nutrition, 623, 625f, 626t
causes of, 309 Nasoenteric feeding, 629–631, 629b, 630f, for parenteral nutrition, 608–609, 610t
classification of, 302 631f, 632f. See also Enteral nutrition Nutritional pharmacology, 612
clinical approach to, 305 nasoesophageal, for acute pancreatitis, 447, Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism,
compensation in 451 hypocalcemia and, 169–170
estimation of, 305 nasojejunal, 636–638, 637f, 638f Nutritional support. See also Enteral nutrition;
guidelines for, 306 Needles Parenteral nutrition
inappropriate, 305 bone marrow, hand placement of, 370 for acute pancreatitis, 450, 451
counterbalancing, 309 insertion into ports and bottles, 374 appetite stimulation in, 627–628
definition of, 302 Neomycin, for hepatic encephalopathy, 484t for diarrhea and vomiting, 447
diagnosis of, 305, 308, 309 Neonates, enteral feeding of, 628–629, 629f food intake in, 627–628
errors in, 306 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 57, 57b for hepatic encephalopathy, 483–484
quick, 306 Nephron(s) hypophosphatemia and, 198–199
hyperchloremic–metabolic acidosis and functions of, 26, 27f for peritoneal dialysis, 676–677
high–anion gap metabolic acidosis, number of, 27–28 for renal failure, 550
311, 312 permeability of, 37–40, 37t syringe feeding in, 628
metabolic acidosis–metabolic alkalosis, types of, 27–28
309, 310 in urinary concentration, 37–40, 37t
O
mixed high–anion gap metabolic acidosis, Nephropathy, in hypokalemia, 104–105
311, 313 Nephrotic syndrome, hyponatremia and, 65–66 Obesity, malnutrition in, 608, 608f
respiratory acidosis–metabolic acidosis, 311 Nephrotoxicity Octreotide, for diarrhea and vomiting, 446
respiratory acidosis–metabolic alkalosis, 309 of bisphosphonates, 161 Older animals, perioperative management of,
respiratory alkalosis–metabolic acidosis, 309, of colloids, 394, 545 412
310 of dextrans, 423 Oliguria
respiratory alkalosis–metabolic alkalosis, 311, Nernst equation, 23, 93 definition of, 548
312 Neurogenic shock, 558. See also Shock diuretics for, 547–549
terminology for, 302 Neuroglycopenic brain injury, 509 hyperkalemia and, 110, 111–112
treatment of, 313 Neurologic effects, of respiratory acidosis, 295 relative, 547
triple, 313, 314 Neuromuscular effects in renal failure, 544, 547–549
Molality, 7 of hypomagnesemia, 218 Omega-3 fatty acids, for heart failure, 531
Molar mass, 6 of hypophosphatemia, 198 Omental entrapment, in dialysis, 676
Molarity, 7 NF-kB, in shock, 562, 563 Omentectomy, for peritoneal dialysis, 672, 672f
Molecular weight, 6, 6t Nitrates, for heart failure, 529 Omeprazole
Moles, 6 Nitric oxide, in splanchnic artery vasodilatation, for diarrhea and vomiting, 446
Morphine. See also Opioids 470 for shock, 574
for heart failure, 516 Nitric oxide scavengers, Oxyglobin as, 569 Oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia,
Motilin, 445 Nitrogen 200
Moxidectin toxicosis, intravenous lipids for, blood urea, 462 Oncotic pressure, 10, 12–13, 649–650
614 hepatic metabolism of, 458–459, 459f, 462 Opioids, 416
Mucous membranes, in fluid therapy Nitroglycerin, for transfusion-related for fluid therapy monitoring, 390
monitoring, 387, 390 circulatory overload, 597t for heart failure, 516
Multiple myeloma Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs Oral rehydration solutions, 446–447
anion gap in, 244 nephrotoxicity of, 29 Oral route, in fluid therapy, 342
hypercalcemia in, 149–150 renal effects of, 525–526 Organic acidosis, strong ion difference and,
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, in shock, Norepinephrine 323, 324
562, 563 renal blood flow and, 29 Orogastric feeding. See also Enteral nutrition
Muscle twitching for shock, 573, 573t of neonates, 628–629, 629f
in hypocalcemia, 165 Normosol-M Orthophosphoric acid, 195
in metabolic alkalosis, 274 drug interactions with, 410 Oscillometric blood pressure measurement,
Muscle weakness electrolyte content of, 339 571
hyperkalemia and, 109–110 perioperative use of, 422 Osmolal gap, 10, 14, 14t,46
hypokalemia and, 103, 105 Normosol-R, 338 Osmolality, 8–10, 45–46
Myelinolysis, 52–53, 68, 69, 408, 508 complications with, 394 antidiuretic hormone release and, 51–52, 52f
Myogenic mechanism, in renal blood flow, 31 drug interactions with, 410 calculated, 9–10, 11, 14
Myopathy electrolyte content of, 339 of commercial fluids, 338
hypercalcemia and, 139 perioperative use of, 422 definition of, 45
hyperkalemia and, 109–110 for shock, 564–565, 566t effective, 8–9, 8f, 11, 46
hypokalemia and, 103, 105 Nuclear transcription factor (NF-kB), in shock, estimated, 14, 45–46
Myxedema, hyponatremia in, 67 562, 563 of extracellular fluid, 10–12
Myxedema stupor/coma, 509–510 Nutraceuticals, for heart failure, 531 of intracellular fluid, 11
Nutricel, 592 luminal, 442
N Nutrition. See also Diet; Food measured, 9, 14
-
+
Na -Cl cotransporter, 47, 96–97 food aversions and, 627–628 normal values for, 45–46
+
+
Na ,K -ATPase, 23, 96–97, 99 in hepatic encephalopathy, 483–484, 484t plasma, 45–46