Page 747 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 735

serum, 8, 11 Pancreatic acinar cells, 438–439 Parenteral nutrition, 605–622, 620.
calculation of, 11 Pancreatic juice, 437–439, 438f See also Nutritional support
urine, 15–16, 16f,16t, 46, 46t chloride in, 80–81, 438–439, 438f for acute pancreatitis, 447, 451, 610t
Osmolarity, 8–10 electrolytes in, 276, 276f, 277f, 437–439 administration of, 616–621
of commercial fluids, 339 Pancreatitis, acute, 448–451 amino acids in, 611–612, 613t, 615
Osmoles hypocalcemia and, 167 asepsis in, 619–620
effective, 8–9, 8f nutritional support in, 451, 447, 610t calorie requirements in, 610–611, 611f, 620
ineffective, 8, 8f Pansteatitis, hypocalcemia and, 173 catheters for, 616–618, 618f
Osmolytes, 60 Panting, 17, 19t monitoring of, 620
Osmotic demyelination syndrome, 52–53, 68, Pantoprazole, for shock, 574 commercial products for, 613t, 615
69, 408, 508 PAO 2 , alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and, complications of, 619–620, 619b
Osmotic diuresis, 46 290 components of, 612–615, 613t
Osmotic pressure PaO 2 , alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and, compounding for, 615, 616b, 617b,
interstitial colloid, 650 290 620–621
plasma colloid, 649–650 Paracellular transport, renal tubular, 33–34, 33f dextrose in, 612–614, 613t, 615
Osteolysis, hypercalcemia and, 140f, 141b Paracentesis, for ascites, 490–492, 491f, discontinuation of, 620
Osteomalacia, oncogenic hypophosphatemic, 528–529 drug-nutrient compatibility in, 615
200 Parathyroid adenomas, 150–152 electrolytes in, 612, 613t, 614
Osteomyelitis, hypercalcemia and, 155 Parathyroid disease, hypocalcemia in, 169, fatty acids in, 611–612
Ototoxicity, of furosemide, 548–549 171–173 filters for, 618
Outer medullary collecting ducts, in urinary Parathyroid gland formulation calculation for, 615, 616b
concentration, 38–39 autotransplantation of, 174 future goals for, 621
Overcoat syndrome, 623 biopsy of, 171 historical perspective on, 605–607
Overhydration. See Hypervolemia chemical ablation of, 152 hypophosphatemia and, 198–199
Over-the-needle catheters, 352, 353. imaging of, 151 indications for, 607–608, 608b, 609, 609b
See also Intravenous catheters intraoperative injury of, 169, 171, 172, 173, initiation of, 618–619
percutaneous, 352, 358, 359. 174 lipids in, 613t, 614
See also Percutaneous catheters Parathyroid hormone, 122–127 monitoring in, 620
Oxazepam, for appetite stimulation, 628 actions of, 126–127 nutrient admixtures for, 615, 617b
Oxygen calcitriol and, 122–123, 124–125, 130, 131 nutritional assessment for, 608–609, 610t
diffusion and transport of, 289, 290 in calcium regulation, 120–121, 121f, nutritional pharmacology and, 612
inspired, low partial pressure of, 291 126–127 patient selection for, 607–608
Oxygen capacity, 289 clearance of, 125 peripheral (partial), 610, 610b
Oxygen saturation, venous, measurement of, concentration of protein in, 611–612
419 measurement of, 135–136 rationale for, 607
Oxygen tension, alveolar, 290 normal values for, 132t resting energy requirements and, 606, 611
Oxygen therapy, for anemia, 406 C-terminal fragments of, 125, 126f, 127 retrospective studies of, 605–607, 607t
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, 289, decreased secretion of. sepsis in, prevention of, 619–620
290 See Hypoparathyroidism solution preparation and handling in, 615,
Oxygen-sensitive chemoreceptors, 287, 288 in hypercalcemia, 132, 138, 139, 141–142, 616b, 617b, 618–619
Oxyglobin, 390, 429, 600–601 142t timing of, 609
pulmonary edema due to, 395, 600–601 hyperphosphatemia and, 203–204 total, 610
for shock, 566, 567t hypersecretion of. See Hyperparathyroidism trace elements in, 612, 614
Oxypolygelatin, 410, 424, 427 in hypocalcemia, 131–132, 169–173 vitamins in, 612
physiochemical properties of, 424 measurement of, 135–136 vs. enteral nutrition, 610, 610t
for shock, 566 metabolism of, 125 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide. See PCO 2
osseous effects of, 126–127 Parvovirus enteritis, 444–445
phosphate metabolism and, 197 Passive diffusion, 34
P replacement, 174 PCO 2
Packed cell volume structure of, 122 in acid-base disorders, 237, 238t, 239t,
in dehydration, 335, 336 synthesis and secretion of, 122–125, 123f 253–254
in fluid therapy monitoring, 390 calcium concentration and, 123–124 metabolic acidosis, 253–254
in shock, 570 inhibition of, 124–125, 131 metabolic alkalosis, 272–273
Packed red blood cells, 586–587. rate of, 123–124, 124f mixed, 238–239, 305
See also Transfusion(s) set-point for, 123–124 respiratory acidosis, 238, 238t,
for anemia, 406 Parathyroid hormone receptor, 127 239t, 318
perioperative use of, 406, 407, 428 Parathyroid hormone–related protein, respiratory alkalosis, 238, 238t, 239t, 318
for shock, 565t, 569–570 127–128, 128f strong ion approach and, 316
PaCO 2 , alveolar ventilation and, 287, 288, 317 in calcium regulation, 120–121, 121f blood levels of
Pain management fetal, 128 interpretation of, 242–243
for diarrhea and vomiting, 446 in hypercalcemia, 141–142, 142t, 156 measurement of, 239–243. See also Blood
for fluid therapy monitoring, 390 in cancer, 146–147, 146f, 149 gas analysis
for heart failure, 516 measurement of, 136 in metabolic acidosis, 253–254
Paintball ingestion, hypernatremia due to, Parathyroid hyperplasia, 150–152 normal values for, 241–242, 242t
59–60 Parathyroidectomy, hypocalcemia after, 169, pH and, 235–236, 316
Pamidronate, for hypercalcemia, 158t, 171, 172, 174, 177–178 in respiratory acidosis, 238, 238t, 239t,
160–162 Parathyroiditis, hypoparathyroidism and, 171 318