Page 748 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

736 INDEX

PEEP, renal effects of, 416 of older animals, 412 strong ion difference and, 316, 317
PEG tubes, 635, 636f. See also Enteral nutrition of peripheral edema, 411 Phenylephrine, for shock, 573, 573t
placement of of peritoneal effusion, 412 Phosphate. See also Phosphorus
endoscopic, 635, 636f of pleural effusion, 411, 419 administration of, 201
equipment and supplies for, 637b of polycythemia, 407 as buffer, 237
nonendoscopic, 635–636, 637f postoperative, 430 metabolism of, 196–197
Penicillin, metabolic alkalosis due to, 279 in pregnancy, 412 preparations of, 201t, 202t
Pentastarch. See also Hydroxyethyl starches of pulmonary edema, 411 prophylactic, 200–201
for shock, 566 of renal disease, 414 renal transport of, 36
Peptic ulcers, hypercalcemia and, 139 Peripheral edema, perioperative management disorders of, 200
Percent concentration, 7 of, 411 supplemental, 200–201
Percutaneous catheters, 357 Peripheral parenteral nutrition, 610, 610b. Phosphate binders
bandaging of, 372, 373 See also Parenteral nutrition administration of, 201
cephalic vein, 358, 359 Peripherally inserted central catheters, 352, aluminum-containing, 144, 201t, 205
external jugular vein, 361, 362 354. See also Intravenous catheters toxicity of, 205
over-the-needle, 352, 358, 359 Peristaltic pumps, 378, 379 calcium-containing, 144, 201t, 205
through-the-needle, 352, 361, 362 Peritoneal dialysis, 665–679 efficacy of, 206
winged needle, 352, 357 asepsis for, 673, 674b hypercalcemia due to, 144
Percutaneous cystostomy tube catheter, 669, catheters for for hypervitaminosis D, 163
670f placement of, 670–672, 671f novel, 205–206
Percutaneous facilitation procedure, 365 problems with, 676 preparations of, 163, 201t, 205
Percutaneous radiologic gastrojejunostomy types of, 669–670, 669b, 670f for renal failure, 554
tubes, 630 chronic, 668 Phosphate diabetes, 200
Pericardial effusion complications of, 667, 676–677, 677b, 677f Phosphate enemas
in fluid therapy, 397 contraindications to, 668 hyperphosphatemia due to, 203
in heart failure, 516–518, 519, 519f delivery technique for, 673 hypocalcemia due to, 171
Periodic paralysis dialysate solutions for, 672–673 Phosphate imbalance. See Hyperphosphatemia;
hyperkalemia, 109–110 discontinuation of, 675 Hypophosphatemia
hypokalemic, 105 for ethylene glycol poisoning, 262 Phosphatonins, 197, 200
Perioperative management, 405–435 exchange procedure for, 674–675 Phosphofructokinase deficiency, hyperkalemia
of anemia, 406, 407 fluid and solute transport in, 666–667 and, 101
anesthesia in, 416. See also Anesthesia future applications of, 677–678 Phosphorus. See also Phosphate
blood collection in, 419 for hypercalcemia, 158t, 163 acid-base balance and, 197
of cardiovascular disease, 413 indications for, 667–668, 668b actions of, 195
of coagulation defects, 413 monitoring in, 675, 675f, 676f [A tot ] and, 319
of dehydration, 411, 419 nutritional support for, 676–677 body stores of, 196
of diabetes insipidus, 415 peritoneal membrane biology and, 665–666, calcitriol and, 130
of endocrine disease, 415 665f in commercial fluids, 338
fluid administration in, 417. See also Fluid peritoneal membrane changes in, 667 concentration of, 196
therapy, perioperative protocol for, 669–675 dietary intake of, 196, 197, 199, 203, 204,
goals of, 405 survival rates for, 667–668 553–554
of heart failure, 413 transfer sets for, 673, 674f nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
of hyperadrenocorticism, 415 ultrafiltration in, 666, 667 and, 166
of hypercalcemia, 409 vs. hemodialysis, 667, 668b distribution of, 196
of hyperglycemia, 410 Peritoneal effusion in hemodialysate, 695
of hyperkalemia, 408 in fluid therapy, 397 inorganic, 195
of hypernatremia, 408 perioperative management, 412 intestinal absorption of, 196–197
of hyperosmolality, 409 Peritoneal membrane organic, 195
of hyperproteinemia, 408 biology of, 665–666, 665f in parathyroid hormone secretion, 123
of hyperthyroidism, 415 dialysis-related changes in, 667 physical chemistry of, 195
of hypervolemia, 406 glucose effects on, 673 renal handling of, 197
of hypoadrenocorticism, 415 Peritonitis, in peritoneal dialysis, 677 supplemental, for diabetic ketoacidosis,
of hypocalcemia, 409 pH, 231–232, 232f, 233t 504–505
of hypoglycemia, 409 [A tot ] and, 316, 317, 318 translocation of
of hypokalemia, 408 definition of, 231 hyperphosphatemia and, 202–203, 203b
of hyponatremia, 408 hydrogen ions and, 231–232, 232f, 233t hypophosphatemia and, 198–199, 198b
of hypoosmolality, 409 isoelectric point and, 237 Pimobendan, for heart failure, 525, 529, 530,
of hypoproteinemia, 407 measurement of, 239–243. See also Blood gas 531
of hypothyroidism, 415 analysis for refractory edema/effusions, 531–532
of hypovolemia, 405, 417 in mixed acid-base disorders, 238–239, 238t Pinocytosis, 35, 36
of increased intracranial pressure, 412, 419 normal values for, 242t PIO 2 , decreased, 291
of increased intraocular pressure, 412 oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve and, Pitressin
intraoperative, 419 289, 290 in aqueous vasopressin test, 75
of liver disease, 414 PCO 2 and, 316, 317 for central diabetes insipidus, 56
of metabolic acidosis, 410 in primary acid-base disorders, 238, 238t, in repositol vasopressin test, 75
of metabolic alkalosis, 410 239t Pituitary diabetes insipidus, 56, 57