Page 753 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 741

Steroids. See Corticosteroids T mean arterial pressure and, 559, 559f
Stewart-Figge model, 324 regulation of, 514–516
Stewart’s equations, 245 T pieces, 373, 374 variables affecting, 559
Tenckhoff catheter, 669, 670f
Stewart’s strong ion approach. See Strong ion Titratable acidity, 248
Terbutaline, for hyperkalemia, in renal failure,
approach Titration curve, 234, 234f
552f
Stomach. See also under Gastric; a-Tocopherol deficiency, in liver disease,
Terlipressin, for ascites, 471–472
Gastrointestinal 480–481
Tetany
acid secretion in, 436–437, 437f Tolvaptan, for hyponatremia, 69, 70
grass, 216, 218
Strong anions, 81–82 Tonicity, 9, 46
hypocalcemic, 141
chloride as, 82 fluid loss and, 57–58, 58f
Strong ion approach, 316–329 puerperal, 167–168, 174 fluid shifts and, 11, 12, 12f
treatment of, 174–175
advantages of, 317 in hypomagnesemia, 216 of total body water, 11
to [A TOT ] disorders, 317, 318, 327 in postparturient hypocalcemia, 216 Torsemide, 523t, 524
acidosis, 319, 320 puerperal, 167–168, 174 Total body solute, 60–61
alkalosis, 319, 320 Total body water, 2
base excess algorithm and, 324, 325 Tetrastarch. See also Hydroxyethyl starches tonicity of, 11
for shock, 566
effective SID model and, 324 THAM (tromethamine) Total CO 2 , 239–240
hypoalbuminemia and, 319, 320 for lactic acidosis, 269 vs. strong ion approach, 317, 318
nonvolatile buffer ion alkalosis and, 319 for respiratory acidosis, 296 Total parenteral nutrition, 610.
overview of, 316 See also Parenteral nutrition
to PCO 2 disorders, 316, 318 Thiamine for acute pancreatitis, 451
for ethylene glycol poisoning, 262
simplified strong ion equation and, 325 hypophosphatemia and, 198–199
for liver disease, 480
strong ion difference and, 317 Total plasma protein concentration
Thiazide diuretics, 522t, 523f, 523t, 524.
strong ion gap and, 326 in dehydration, 335, 336
See also Diuretics
vs. Henderson-Hasselbalch approach, 317, in shock, 570
for central diabetes insipidus, 57
318, 327 Total protein
for hyperkalemia, 114, 114b
vs. routine screening (total CO 2 ), 317, 318 in fluid therapy monitoring, 390
Strong ion difference, 81, 82, 85, 88, 245, 317 Thiazide-like diuretics, 523t, 524. in liver disease, 464
base excess algorithm and, 308 See also Diuretics Total solids, in fluid therapy monitoring, 390
Thiopental, 416
disorders of, 320 Trace elements
Third-space fluid accumulation. See Ascites;
mechanisms of, 320, 321 in enteral nutrition, 627, 627t
Edema
metabolic acidosis and, 306, 321, 322 in parenteral nutrition, 612, 614
Third-space fluid loss, 333
dilutional, 322, 323 Transcapillary refill, in shock, 561
Thirst abnormalities, hypernatremia and, 50, 55
hyperchloremic, 322, 323 Transcellular fluids, 4, 5
Three pore theory, 666
metabolic alkalosis and, 306, 321 Transcellular transport, renal tubular, 33–34, 33f
Threshold cell membrane potential
concentration, 321 calcium and, 93–94 Transepithelial potential difference, 33–34, 33f,
hypochloremic, 322 34f
plasma pH and, 316, 317, 318 potassium and, 93–94, 93f Transfusion(s), 584–604. See also Fluid therapy
Strong ion gap, 308, 326 Thrombocytopenia administration of, 594–595
in hemoperfusion, 707
Subcutaneous route, 342 perioperative management of, 414 complications due to, 597–598
in fluid therapy, 342, 351 posttransfusion, 596 rate of, 594–595
complications with, 400 route of, 594
Succinylated gelatin, 410, 424, 427. Thrombocytosis, pseudohyperkalemia and, 101 safety precautions for, 594
Thromboelastography, 399
See also Hydroxyethyl starches adverse effects of, 428, 595–600.
physiochemical properties of, 424 Thromboembolism. See Embolism; See also Transfusion reactions
Sucralfate, for shock, 574 Thrombosis administration-associated, 597–598
Superglue, for nasoenteral tubes, 631, 631f Thrombophlebitis, catheter-related, 375 air embolism, 594, 597
Thrombosis
Suturing circulatory overload, 597t, 598
catheter-related, 355, 375, 376
of gastrostomy tubes, 634–635, 635f collection-associated, 597
in hemodialysis, 708
of nasoenteral tubes, 631, 631f, 632f infectious, 589, 591, 597, 597t
deep venous, dextran prophylaxis for, 423
Swan Neck catheters, 669–670, 672 monitoring for, 595
Through-the-needle catheters, 352, 353, 361,
Swan-Ganz pulmonary catheters, 536–537, storage-associated, 597
362
536f, 537–538 for anemia of renal failure, 546
Sweat glands, 17 Thyroid disease. See Hyperthyroidism; blood collection for, 593
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic Hypothyroidism complications due to, 597
hormone Thyroidectomy blood donors for
hyponatremia in, 66, 67 hypocalcemia after, 171, 172, 173, 174 canine, 589–590, 590b
parathyroid autotransplantation for, 174
water restriction for, 69 collection from, 593
Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, for sepsis/septic
Syringe feeding, 628 feline, 590–591, 590b
shock, 574
Syringe pumps, 378, 379, 641–642, 642f health maintenance for, 591
Tight junctions, 33–34
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 563 screening of, 591
Tissue perfusion
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and, selection of, 588–591
acid-base balance and, 392
563 blood products for, 586–588, 586b,
assessment of, 387, 392, 417
Systemic vascular resistance 588–589
effective circulating volume and, 559
blood pressure and, 514, 515b, 515f in fluid therapy monitoring, 392 albumin in, 479
mean arterial pressure and, 389 lactate and, 392 anticoagulants/preservatives for, 592,
tissue perfusion and, 514–516 592t, 593, 594