Page 751 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 739

Renin, in sodium regulation, 51t hypernatremia and, 60 Shaving, for catheterization, 355
Renin-angiotensin system, 41 hypocalcemia and, 167 Shock, 557–583
in shock, 560 lactic acidosis and, 267–268 anaphylactic, 558
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, in heart fluid, 397. See also Fluid therapy treatment of, 575
failure, 525, 530 Rhabdomyolysis baroreceptors in, 559–561
Renoredoxin, 130 hyperphosphatemia and, 203 cardiogenic, 557–558, 558t, 560t
Reperfusion injury, 562 hypocalcemia and, 168 case study of, 577–578
Replacement requirement, in fluid therapy, 345, Rickets causes of, 561
348 hypophosphatemic, 200 dobutamine for, 529
Repositol vasopressin test, 75 vitamin-D–dependent, 170 pathophysiology of, 561
Respiration. See also Alveolar ventilation Right atrial pressure, central venous pressure signs of, 561
in acid-base balance, 246, 253–254 and, 379, 380, 388 causes of, 557–559, 558t
carbon dioxide in, 289 Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, 379, cellular hypoxia in, 562, 563
in metabolic acidosis, 253–254 380 chemoreceptors in, 561
oxygen in, 289, 290 Right ventricular end-diastolic volume, 379, circulatory, 557–558, 558t, 560t
regulation of, 287, 288. See also Respiratory 380 classification of, 557–559, 558t
control system Right-to-left shunt, 292, 293 compensatory, 559–560
Respiratory acidosis, 238t, 292 Ringer’s solution decompensated, 560
causes of, 294 electrolyte content of, 339 definition of, 557
chloride in, 83 lactated. See Lactated Ringer’s solution distributive, 557–559, 558t, 560t
clinical features of, 295 Rodenticides, cholecalciferol poisoning due to, causes of, 561
compensation in, 238, 238t, 239, 239t, 293, 152 pathophysiology of, 561
294, 304, 305 endotoxic, 446
diagnosis of, 295 fluid therapy for, 334
S
hypochloremia and, 294 posttransfusion, 597
hypophosphatemia and, 197 Safety catheters, 353 fluid therapy for, 331
in liver disease, 487 Salicylate intoxication, 262 free radicals in, 562
with metabolic acidosis, 311 Saline. See also Fluid therapy hemorrhagic
with metabolic alkalosis, 309 electrolyte content of, 339 assessment of, 397
PCO 2 in, 238, 238t, 239t, 318 hyperchloremia and, 88 fluid therapy for, 334, 397. See also Shock,
potassium in, 95 for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, hypovolemic, fluid therapy for
preexisting conditions for, 302, 303 505–506 glucocorticoids for, 574
treatment of, 295 hypertonic, for shock, 568–569, 568t mental status in, 397
in triple disorders, 313, 314 for hypoadrenocorticism, 507, 508 pathophysiology of, 559–561
Respiratory alkalosis, 238t, 296, 304 for hyponatremia, 69 hypoadrenocorticism in, 575
causes of, 297 isotonic, for shock, 564–565, 566t hypovolemic, 557–558, 558t, 560t
clinical features of, 298 normal, 338 case study of, 576
compensation in, 238, 238t, 239, 239t, 293, perioperative use of, 421 central venous pressure monitoring in, 546
296, 304 for vomiting, 338 compensatory mechanisms in, 559–561
diagnosis of, 298 Salt poisoning, 59–60, 61 fluid therapy for, 334, 546
in heart failure, 527 Salts, 232 autotransfusion in, 399
hypocalcemia and, 173–174 Satavaptan, for hyponatremia, 69 coagulopathy and, 399, 400
hypokalemia and, 298 Schistosomiasis, hypercalcemia in, 153–154 complications of, 398, 399
hypophosphatemia and, 196, 197, 198–199 Scintigraphy, parathyroid, 151 for compressible hemorrhage, 399
in liver disease, 474, 487 ScvO 2 , in fluid therapy monitoring, 387 fluid selection in, 399
with metabolic acidosis, 309, 310 Secondary active transport, 34–35 for noncompressible hemorrhage, 398
with metabolic alkalosis, 311, 312 Secretagogues, inflammatory, 442, 442f hemorrhagic. See Shock, hemorrhagic
PCO 2 in, 238, 238t, 239t, 318 Secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP-4), 197 nonhemorrhagic, 561. See also Shock,
potassium in, 95 Secretin, 438–439, 439f cardiogenic; Shock, distributive
preexisting conditions for, 302, 303 Sedation pathophysiology of, 559–561
treatment of, 298 for blood collection, 593 signs of, 560
in triple disorders, 313, 314 for nasoenteric intubation, 629–631 hypoxic, 558, 558t, 562, 563
Respiratory control system, 287, 288 Seizures, in hypocalcemia, 164–165, 174 inflammatory mediators in, 562, 563
chemoreceptors in, 287, 288 treatment of, 174–175 irreversible, 560
chemoreflexes in, 287, 288 Seldinger technique, for central venous management of, 564–570
mechanoreflexes in, 288 catheters, 365, 366 antimicrobials in, 574
Respiratory failure, diagnostic criteria for, 296 Sepsis/septic shock, 558, 574, 578–579. bicarbonate in, 575–576
Respiratory fluid loss, 17, 19t See also Shock blood products in, 565t, 569–570
Respiratory rate, in fluid therapy monitoring, hypophosphatemia and, 200 cardiopulmonary resuscitation in, 564
387, 390 Sequential nephron blockade, 522–524, 523f, case examples of, 576
Respiratory unit, microcirculation of, 518f 526 crystalloids in, 564–565, 565t, 566t
Resting cell membrane potential, potassium Serum osmolality, 8, 11 fluid selection in, 564, 565t
and, 92–93, 93f calculation of, 11 gastrointestinal protectants in, 574
Resting energy requirements, in parenteral Serum transfusion, 588. See also Transfusion(s) glucocorticoids in, 574–575
nutrition, 606, 611 Sevelamer, as phosphate binder, 205–206 hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers in,
Resuscitation Sevoflurane, 416 567t, 569, 600–601
cardiopulmonary sFRP-4 (secreted frizzled-related protein), 197 pulmonary edema due to, 395, 600–601