Page 750 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

738 INDEX

Protein(s) (Continued) metabolic alkalosis and, 279 hypoalbuminemia and, 545–546
total in parenteral nutrition, 619 hyponatremia and, 65–66
in fluid therapy monitoring, 390 Reflection coefficient, 648 intrinsic, 544
in liver disease, 464 Regional citrate anticoagulation, in hypercalcemia and, 138, 155
Protein intake hemodialysis, 697–698 nutritional support for, 550
hypoalbuminemia and, 463–464 Relative atomic mass, 6, 6t oliguria in, 544, 547–549
restricted Renal ammoniagenesis. See Ammoniagenesis conversion to nonoliguria, 547–549
hypoalbuminemia and, 463–464 Renal blood flow, 31–33 perioperative management of, 414
in liver disease, 479–480, 483–484, 484t autoregulation of, 29, 29f,30t, 31–32, 31f, polyuria in, 544, 547
urea and, 682 32f Renal function
Protein-losing enteropathy, 447–448 glomerular filtration rate and, 29, 29f,30t, in heart failure, 520–521, 528
acute uremic crisis in, 545–546 31–33, 32f cardiovascular drug effects on, 521–525,
hypocalcemia in, 168 hypercalcemia and, 138 522t, 523f, 525–526
Proximal tubules in liver disease, 472–473 diuretic effects on, 521–525, 522t, 523f
functions of, 26, 27f measurement of, 32–33 in liver disease, 472–473
morphology of, 35, 35f myogenic mechanism and, 31 Renal handling
Pruritus, hetastarch-related, 425 tubuloglomerular feedback in, 31–32 of bicarbonate, 246–248, 246f, 247f, 248f
Pseudohyperchloremia, 87 Renal calculi, hypercalcemia and, 138, 154 of calcium, 120–121, 127
Pseudohyperkalemia, 101 Renal clearance, 26 of chloride, 81
Pseudohypernatremia, 62–63 glomerular filtration rate and, 29–31 of magnesium, 214–216, 214f
Pseudohypochloremia, 86 Renal diets, for hypercalcemia, 154 of potassium, 94, 95–100, 96f
Psychogenic polydipsia, 56, 66 Renal failure of sodium, 47–48, 48f
Puerperal tetany, 167–168, 174 acute, 544–549 Renal plasma flow, 31–33
Pulmonary artery catheterization, 387 colloid-related, 658 autoregulation of, 31–32, 31f,32f
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, in fluid fluid therapy for, 334, 544–549 effective, 32
therapy monitoring, 387, 418 hemodialysis for, 689–698 measurement of, 32–33
in heart disease, 536–537, 536f hypocalcemia and, 167 Renal solute load, 16, 17
Pulmonary disease peritoneal dialysis for, 667 diet and, 21
respiratory acidosis in, 294 acute uremic crisis in, 545–546 fluid requirements and, 21–22
respiratory alkalosis in, 297 anemia in, 546 Renal toxicity. See Nephrotoxicity
Pulmonary edema anorexia in, 545, 550 Renal transplantation
colloid-related, 395 anuria in, 544, 547 hemodialysis as bridge to, 699
in fluid therapy, 395, 396, 547 azotemia in, 544 hypophosphatemia and, 200
in heart failure, 516–518, 519f chronic, 544 Renal transport, 34–35
diuretics for, 521–525 fluid therapy for, 334 of amino acids, 36
refractory, 531–532 hemodialysis for, 698–699 of chloride, 38, 81
renal function and, 519f, 521, 525 hypercalcemia and, 143–145, 145f of glucose, 35–36
Oxyglobin-related, 395, 600–601 hyperkalemia and, 110–111, 112f paracellular, 33–34, 33f
perioperative management of, 411 hyperphosphatemia and, 203–204 passive diffusion in, 34
signs of, 396 hypocalcemia and, 165–167 of phosphate, 36
Pulmonary embolism, dextran prophylaxis for, hypokalemia and, 105 primary active, 34
423 metabolic acidosis in, 264–265 secondary active, 34–35
Pulse oximetry, in shock, 572 perioperative management of, 414 of sodium, 35, 38, 47–48, 54
Pumps phosphorus intake in, 204, 205 of sodium chloride, 81
feeding, 641–642, 642f electrolyte disorders in, 550–554 transcellular, 33–34, 33f
fluid, 378, 379 of calcium, 143–145, 145f, 165–167, 553 transepithelial, 33–34, 33f,34f
syringe, 378, 379, 641–642, 642f of magnesium, 553 transtubular, 33–34, 33f
Pure water loss metabolic acidosis, 554 of urea, 36–37
dextrose for, 61, 337 of phosphorus, 203–204, 553–554 Renal tubular acidosis, 257–259
hypernatremia and, 54–57, 54b, 60–61 ofpotassium,105,110–111,112f,550–553 distal (typ. 1), 257, 258, 259, 259t
treatment of, 60–61 of sodium, 550 hyperchloremia and, 87
Purpura, posttransfusion, 596 fluid loss in, 544 hypokalemia and, 105
Pyridoxine, for ethylene glycol poisoning, 262 fluid therapy for, 544–550 proximal (typ. 2), 257–258, 259, 259t
Pyruvate, in lactate metabolism, 265–266 converting oliguria to nonoliguria in, typ. 4, 259
547–549 Renal tubular reabsorption, 33, 34f
discontinuation of, 549 of bicarbonate, 34, 34f
R fluid selection for, 545–546 pinocytosis in, 35, 36
Raisins, hypercalcemia due to, 155–156 in home care, 550 of sodium, 47–49, 48f,49f
Ranitidine for hospitalized patients, 544–549 solvent drag in, 35
for metabolic alkalosis, 280 hydration assessment in, 545 transport processes in, 34–35. See also Renal
for shock, 574 monitoring of, 549 transport
Reactions, rate of, 232 route of administration for, 545 Renal tubular secretion, 33
Reactive oxygen species, in shock, 562 volume and rate in, 546–547 Renal tubules
Red blood cells. See Erythrocytes in heart failure, 520–521 anatomy of, 33–34, 33f
Refeeding syndrome hydration status in, assessment of, 545 function of, 33–37
in enteral nutrition, 644 hyperoncotic, 394 proximal, 35, 35f
hypophosphatemia and, 198–199 hyperparathyroidism and, 167 transport mechanisms in. See Renal transport