Page 754 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

742 INDEX

Transfusion(s) (Continued) skin preparation for, 592 hypocalcemia and, 169
acid citrate dextrose, 592 vs. fluid therapy, 585 Turgor
citrate phosphate dextrose, 592 white blood cell, leukoreduction filters for, assessment of, 387
citrate phosphate dextrose adenine, 592 592 in dehydration, 335
hemorrhage due to, 493 whole-blood, 586 Twitching
hypercitratemia due to, 476 for liver disease, 492 facial, in hypocalcemia, 165
metabolic alkalosis due to, 474, 476 for shock, 565t, 569–570 in metabolic alkalosis, 274
sodium citrate, 592t Transfusion reactions, 395 Two-site immunoradiometric assay, for
availability of, 585, 586b definition of, 595 parathyroid hormone, 135–136
blood banks for, 586b, 588 evaluation for, 598
drugs with, 594 febrile U
immunogenicity of, 585 hemolytic, 596, 597t
Ulcers, gastric, hypercalcemia and, 139
storage of, 592, 592t, 597 nonhemolytic, 596, 597t
Ulnar artery, catheterization of, 419
warming of, 429, 595 immunologic, 395
Ultrafiltration
blood substitutes for, 390, 600–601 acute, 595–596, 596b, 597t
in hemodialysis, 700–702, 701f
pulmonary edema due to, 395 delayed, 596, 596b
without hemodialysis, 701
for shock, 566, 567t hemolytic, 595–596
Ultrasonography
blood typing for, 589–590, 590b, 593–594, immunosuppressive, 596
in hypercalcemia, 141
594f purpural, 596
in hyperparathyroidism, 151
for coagulation defects, 413 urticarial, 596, 597t Units of measure, 5–10
perioperative use of, 413 management of, 597t, 598
costs of, 585–586 monitoring for, 595 Upper airway obstruction, dyspnea in, 298
Urea, 682
crossmatching for, 598–600, 599b, 599f nonimmunologic
blood urea nitrogen and, 462
cryoprecipitate, 413 acute, 596b, 597–598
as effective osmole, 10
cryopreserved canine platelet concentrate, delayed, 596b, 598
as hemodialysis adequacy measure, 682–688,
587–588 prevention of, 598–600
683f, 684f
for disseminated intravascular coagulation, treatment of, 597t hepatic synthesis of, 458–459, 459f, 462
414 Transient receptor potential (TRP) family,
drug interactions with, 410 213–214, 215, 215f, 217–218 in polyuria, 50–51
protein intake and, 682
filters for, 594 Transmembrane potential difference, 33–34, renal transport of, 36–37
leukoreduction, 592 33f
in urinary concentration, 40, 40f
for fluid therapy–related coagulopathy, 399 Transplantation, renal Urea cycle, 458–459, 459f, 462
fresh frozen plasma, 428, 587. hemodialysis as bridge to, 699 Urea kinetic modeling, 684–688
See also Transfusion(s) hypophosphatemia and, 200
for acute pancreatitis, 450 Transtubular potassium gradient, 101–102 Urea reduction ratio, 684–685, 684f, 690–692,
692t
for dilution coagulopathy, 597t Transtubular potential difference, 33–34, 33f Urea-linked gelatin, 410, 424, 427.
perioperative use of, 413, 428 Transvascular fluid dynamics, 648–649 See also Hydroxyethyl starches
for shock, 565t, 569–570 interstitial colloid osmotic pressure and, 650 physiochemical properties of, 424
thawing of, 595 interstitial hydrostatic pressure and, 651
Uremia, 682–688. See also Renal failure
fresh plasma, 428 intravascular hydrostatic pressure and,
hemodialysis for, 688–707.
for heart failure, 534 650–651
See also Hemodialysis
of hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying microvascular barrier and, 647–648
Uremia toxins, 682–688
solutions, 390 plasma colloid osmotic pressure and,
Uremic acidosis, 264–265
pulmonary edema due to, 395 649–650
Uremic crisis, 545–546
for hemothorax, 411 Starling forces and, 514–516, 518f,
Urethral obstruction
human albumin, 395, 588 649–651. See also Starling forces fluid therapy for, 334
for hypernatremia, 61 tissue safety factors and, 651 hyperkalemia and, 110
for hypoalbuminemia, 488–489 Tremors, in hypocalcemia, 165 hypocalcemia and, 168
immunoglobulin, 588 Triamterene, for metabolic alkalosis, 280 Urinary calculi, hypercalcemia and, 138, 154
indications for, 390 Trichuriasis
Urinary catheterization
lactated Ringer’s solution and, 394 hyperkalemia and, 112
infection from, 418, 549
massive, 595 hyponatremia and, 69
for output measurement, 418, 549
metabolic acidosis and, 476 myelinolysis and, 69
Urinary concentration, 37–40
metabolic alkalosis and, 474 vs. hypoadrenocorticism, 445 collecting ducts in, 38–39
monitoring in, 595 Trilostane, hyperparathyroidism due to, in hypercalcemia, 138
packed red cell, 586–587 170–171 loop of Henle in, 37–38
for anemia, 406 Tromethamine (THAM) nephron in, 37–40, 37t
perioperative use of, 406, 407, 428 for lactic acidosis, 269 sodium chloride in, 37, 38, 40
for shock, 565t, 569–570 for respiratory acidosis, 296
perioperative, 414, 428 TRPM6, 213–214, 215, 215f, 217–218 urea in, 40, 40f
vasa recta in, 37–38, 39–40
platelet, 414 TRPM7, 213–214, 217–218 vasopressin in, 37, 38–39, 40, 50–51
preoperative donation for, 406 Trypanosomiasis, transfusion-related, 591 Urinary free water, 17
pretransfusion compatibility testing for, Tubuloglomerular feedback, 31 Urinary solute load, fluid loss and, 15–17, 16f
593–594 Tumor lysis syndrome
serum, 588 hyperkalemia and, 109–110 Urinary tract infections
catheter-related, 418, 549
for shock, 565t, 569–570 hyperphosphatemia and, 202–203
renal tubular acidosis and, 259