Page 749 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 737

pK a , 232, 234t, 236, 237t in renal failure, 552f, 553 fractional, 101
of phosphate, 237 Polyuria, 70, 73f potassium intake and, 99
Plasma antidiuretic hormone in, 50–51 sodium intake and, 98–99
as colloid, 336 causes of, 70, 71t Potassium balance, 94–95, 95f
cryo-poor, 587 in central diabetes insipidus, 56 disturbances of. See Hyperkalemia;
drug interactions with, 410 in hypercalcemia, 137, 138 Hypokalemia
electrolyte content of, 337, 339 in hypokalemia, 71t, 104 external, 94, 94f
fresh frozen, 587. See also Transfusion(s) laboratory evaluation of, 70–75, 71t internal, 94, 95f
for acute pancreatitis, 450 in liver disease, 479 Potassium chloride
perioperative use of, 413, 428 in renal failure, 544, 547 in crystalloids, 338, 340
for shock, 565t, 569–570 Port(s), injection for diarrhea and vomiting, 446
osmolality of, 45–46 maintenance of, 373 for hypokalemia, 107
platelet-rich, 587 needle insertion into, 374 in heart disease, 533–534
solutes in, 3f,4, 5t Portal hypertension, 468 in liver disease, 465–466
volume of, 3–4 Portosystemic shunts, in liver disease, 469–470 for hypophosphatemia, 201
perioperative monitoring of, 417 Portosystemic vascular anomalies for metabolic alkalosis, 279–280
regulation of, 514, 516b laboratory findings in, 464f for renal failure, 551
in renal clearance, 26 sodium and fluid retention and, 469 for respiratory acidosis, 296
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure, 649–650 Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), renal Potassium citrate, for metabolic acidosis, in
Plasma osmotic pressure, 649–650. effects of, 416 renal failure, 554
See also Starling forces Positive-pressure ventilation, renal effects of, Potassium gluconate
Plasma proteins, perioperative use of, 428 416 for hypokalemia, 107–108
Plasma–interstitial fluid exchange, 12–13, 13f Posthypocapnic metabolic acidosis, 260 for renal failure, 551
Plasma-Lyte Postoperative fluid management, 430 Potassium phosphate
complications with, 394 Postparturient hypocalcemia, 216 for hypokalemia, 107
drug interactions with, 410 Postrenal azotemia, 544 for hypophosphatemia, 201, 202t
electrolyte content of, 339 Posttransfusion purpura, 596 for metabolic alkalosis, 279–280
perioperative use of, 422 Potassium Potassium-chloride cotransporter, 96, 96f,98
for shock, 564–565, 566t in acid-base balance, 95, 99–100, 108, 248, Potassium-sparing diuretics, 522t, 523f, 523t,
Plasticizer leakage, from catheters, 617–618 250, 276–277, 279f 524. See also Diuretics
Platelet disorders, perioperative management in body fluids, 4–5, 5t hyperkalemia due to, 112–113
of, 414 in commercial fluids, 338, 339, 340, 341 Povidone-iodine, for intravenous catheters,
Platelet transfusions, 414 concentration of, 92, 94, 95f, 100–101 356, 372
Platelet-rich plasma, 587 ammoniagenesis and, 104–105, 465–466 Prednisone
Platelets, cryopreserved canine, 587–588 in erythrocytes, 100–101, 100t for appetite stimulation, 628
Pleural effusion total body deficit and, 92, 92f for hypercalcemia, 154–155, 158t, 159–160
in fluid therapy, 397 dietary intake of for hypoadrenocorticism, 508
in heart failure, 516–519, 519f decreased, 105 for posttransfusion urticaria, 597t
refractory, 531–532 urinary excretion and, 99 Pregnancy
renal function and, 519f, 521, 525 distribution of, 92, 94 eclampsia in, hypocalcemia and, 167–168, 174
perioperative management of, 411, 419 in extracellular fluid, 92 perioperative management in, 412
in peritoneal dialysis, 677 fecal excretion of, 94, 94f, 110–111, 445 Preoperative management, 405.
Podocytes, 26–27, 28f in hemodialysate, 693, 694 See also Perioperative management
Poiseuille’s law, 343 magnesium and, 218–219 Preservatives
Poisoning membrane potential and, 23 for blood products, 592, 592t
coumarin, perioperative management of, 413 resting, 92–93, 93f hemorrhage due to, 493
ethylene glycol. See Ethylene glycol poisoning threshold, 93–94, 93f hypercitratemia due to, 476
hemodialysis for, 262, 703–707 metabolism of, 94–95, 94f,95f metabolic alkalosis due to, 474, 476
hemoperfusion for, 703–705 renal bicarbonate reabsorption and, 248 in commercial fluids, 342
metaldehyde, 262–263 renal handling of, 94, 95–100, 96f Pressure diuresis, 395
salicylate, 262 supplemental Pressure natriuresis, 50
salt, 59–60, 59f,61 for diabetic ketoacidosis, 107, 504, 504t Primary active transport, 34
Polycythemia, perioperative management of, for heart failure, 533–534 Primary hyperaldosteronism.
407 for hypokalemia, 107–108 See Hyperaldosteronism
Polydipsia, 70, 73f perioperative use of, 408 Propofol, 416
causes of, 70, 71t for metabolic alkalosis, 279–280 Prostaglandins
in central diabetes insipidus, 56 rate of administration of, 551, 551t renal blood flow and, 29, 30t
in hypercalcemia, 137, 138 for renal failure, 551, 551t renal secretion of, in liver disease, 470
in hypokalemia, 71t, 104 total body, 92 Protamine, for hemodialysis, 697
laboratory evaluation of, 70–75, 71t translocation of, 94 Protein(s)
in liver disease, 479 transport of, 94, 94f,95f, 96–97 as buffers, 236–237, 237t
psychogenic, 56, 66 renal tubular, 95–100, 96f in enteral nutrition, 627
Polygelatins. See Gelatin solutions urinary excretion of, 97–98, 98f in parenteral nutrition, 611–612
Polymeric diets, 638, 639b acid-base balance and, 99–100 serum concentration of.
Polystyrene sulfonate, for hyperkalemia, 114, aldosterone and, 97–98, 99, 101 See Hyperproteinemia;
114b diuretics and, 100 Hypoproteinemia