Page 743 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 731

Infusion pumps, 344, 345 bandaging for, 372, 373 Ischemia, in shock, 562, 563
Injection ports blood collection from, 374 Isoelectric point, 237
maintenance of, 373 central venous Isohydric principle, 234–235
needle insertion in, 374 guided, 352, 354, 365, 366 Isopropyl alcohol, for intravenous catheters,
Inner medullary collecting ducts, in urinary indications for, 355 356
concentration, 38–39 monitoring of, 379 Isothenuria, 46
Ins and outs method, for fluid volume peripherally inserted, 352, 354 Isotonic fluid loss, 11, 12, 12t
calculation, 547 changing of, 373 Isotonic solutions, 46
Insulin chewing and scratching at, 355, 402
deficiency of, in diabetic ketoacidosis, 501 composition of, 354 J
for diabetic ketoacidosis, 263–264, 502–504, culture of, 376 Jejunostomy feeding, 635
502t disconnection of for acute pancreatitis, 451
for hyperglycemia, perioperative use of, 410 exsanguination due to, 377 for diarrhea and vomiting, 447
for hyperglycemia hyperosmolar state, extravasation due to, 375, 401
surgical tube placement for, 634–635, 635f
505–506 intentional, 402
Jejunum. See also Small intestine
for hyperkalemia, 113, 114b duration of use of, 373
chloride in, 80–81, 80b
in hypoadrenocorticism, 113, 114b extravasation and, 375, 401
fluid and electrolyte absorption in, 438f,
posttransfusion, 597, 597t flow rate for, 352, 353
439–441, 440f, 442f
in renal failure, 552, 552f flushing of, 373
Joint effusion, in fluid therapy, 397
hypophosphatemia and, 197, 199 gauge of, 352, 353, 405, 406
Jugular vein catheterization, 361, 362
perioperative use of, 415 guided, 352, 354
Jugular venous blood samples, 241, 242t.
Intake and output. See Fluid intake; Urine heparin-coated, 354
See also Blood gas analysis
output infection and, 375
Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure, 650 prevention of, 355, 372, 373
K
Interstitial fluid, 3–4 site selection and, 355
accumulation of, causes of, 393 introducers for, 352, 368, 369 Kayexalate, 114
Interstitial fluid–plasma exchange, 12–13, 13f maintenance of, 373 for hyperkalemia, 114, 114b
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure, 651 needleless connection devices for, 357, 373 + in renal failure, 552f, 553
-
Interstitium, 648 over-the-needle, 352, 353 K -Cl cotransporter, 96, 96f,98
Intestines. See also under Colon; Gastric; perioperative use of, 415 Ketamine, for blood collection, 593
Gastrointestinal; Small intestine placement of, 355 Kidney. See also under Renal
fluid and electrolyte absorption in, 439–441, anesthesia for, 356 endocrine functions of, 40–42
440f skin preparation for, 355 physiology of, 26–43
obstruction in, 451–452 radiopaque, 354 Kidney stones, hypercalcemia and, 138, 154
Intoxications. See Poisoning removal of, timing of, 373 Kussmaul respirations, in metabolic acidosis,
Intracellular fluid safety mechanisms for, 353 254
electrolytes in, 2, 3f selection of, 352
fluid and solute loss from, 11, 12, 12t. thrombophlebitis and, 375 L
See also Fluid loss thrombosis and, 355, 375, 376 Labels, for solution containers, 378
osmolality of, 11 through-the-needle, 352, 353 for additives, 344
volume of, 2, 3f types of, 352 as volume markers, 344, 345
Intracellular fluid compartment, 2, 3f,4 vein selection for, 354 Labor, fluid therapy in, 412
fluid exchange in, 10–12 accessibility and, 354 Lactate
Intracranial pressure, increased catheter damage risk and, 355 as fluid additive, 340, 341
perioperative management, 412 infection risk and, 355 metabolic acidosis and, 340
perioperative management of, 419 therapeutic goals and, 355 in fluid therapy monitoring, 387, 392
Intramedullary route, 352 thrombosis risk and, 355 in shock, 572
in fluid therapy, 343 winged needle, 352, 353 in gastric volvulus, 448
Intraocular pressure, increased, perioperative Intravenous fluid challenge, central venous increased, causes of, 392
management, 412 pressure in, 379, 388, 389 metabolism of, 265–266, 422
Intraoperative blood loss, 417 Intravenous immunoglobulin, 588. in liver disease, 474–476, 475f, 475t
Intraosseous route, 352, 370 See also Transfusion(s) normal values for, 392
bone marrow needle for, 370 Intravenous route, 352. See also Intravenous perfusion and, 392
EZ-IO system for, 371, 372 catheters Lactated Ringer’s solution. See also Fluid
in fluid therapy, 343, 401 in fluid therapy, 342, 401 therapy
in transfusion, 594 complications with, 401 complications with, 393, 394
Intraperitoneal route, in fluid therapy, Intrinsic factor, 439 disadvantages of, 421
342, 401 Introducers, catheter, 352, 368, 369 drug interactions with, 410
Intrapulmonary shunts, right-to-left, 292, 293 Intussusception, 451 electrolyte composition of, 337, 339
Intravascular fluids, 3–4 Inulin clearance, 30, 31 for hypercalcemia, 157, 158t
Intravascular hydrostatic pressure, 650–651 Iodine, for intravenous catheters, 356, 372 perioperative use of, 421
Intravascular volume, in fluid therapy Ion(s). See also Electrolytes for shock, 564–565, 566t
monitoring, 388 buffer, 317 transfusions and, 394
Intravenous catheters, 352, 353. plasma, buffer vs. nonbuffer, 317 for vomiting, 338
See also Catheter(s) strong. See under Strong ion Lactation
antiseptics for, 356 Ionization constant, 232 calcium in, 216
asepsis for, 355, 373 IRMA parathyroid hormone assay, 135–136 magnesium in, 216