Page 733 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 721

osmotic effect of, molecular characteristics metabolic alkalosis in, 526–527 perioperative use of, 413
and, 652, 653 mitral insufficiency and, 413 Cryopreserved canine platelet concentrate,
perioperative use of, 423, 424, 426 monitoring in, 535–538, 535b 587–588
vs. crystalloids, 430 pathophysiology of, 516–520, 517b Crystalloids, 337. See also Fluid therapy
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of, perioperative management of, 413 additives in, 338, 340
651–655 potassium in, 526–527 bicarbonate precursors in, 340
physiochemical properties of, 424 renal function in, 520–521, 528 complications with, 393
plasma as, 336 cardiovascular drug effects on, 521–525, electrolyte composition of, 337
preparations of, 653–654 523f, 525–526 maintenance, 337
for pulmonary disease, 655–657 diuretic effects on, 521–525, 522t, 523f most commonly used, 338
refractometric total solids in, 658–659 renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in, perioperative use of, 420
renal effects of, 394, 545, 658 525, 530 vs. colloids, 430
selection of, 336, 386, 393, 394 right-sided, 518, 519 preservatives in, 342
for shock, 565–568, 565t, 567t, 568–569 serum proteins in, 527–528 replacement, 337
Starling forces and, 651–652 sodium retention in, 519, 519f, 521, 525, selection of, 386, 393
synthetic, 423 526 for shock, 564–565, 565t, 566t
transvascular fluid dynamics and, 651–652 transfusions for, 534 Culture, catheter tip, 376
Colloid osmotic pressure, 10 treatment of, 528–532 Cushing’s syndrome.
interstitial, 650 goals of, 528 See also Hyperadrenocorticism
monitoring of, 393, 396 in home care, 530–531 metabolic alkalosis in, 279
plasma, 649–650 in hospital, 528–529 Cutaneous fluid loss, 17, 18t
in pulmonary edema, 396 ventricular function in, 518–519, 520, 520f Cyanoacrylate adhesive, for nasoenteral tubes,
Colon Conivaptan, 469 631, 631f
chloride in, 80–81, 80b for hyponatremia, 69–70 Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, renal effects of,
fluid and electrolyte absorption in, 438f, Constable’s simplified strong ion equation, 325 525–526
439–441, 440f, 441–442 Constipation, in hepatic encephalopathy, 482 Cyproheptadine, for appetite stimulation, 628
sodium in, 80–81 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), Cytokines, antiinflammatory, in shock, 563
Coma, myxedema, 509–510 renal effects of, 416 Cytopathic hypoxia, 562
Common bile duct, 437–438 Convection, solute flow and, 649
Compensatory antiinflammatory response Cooling methods, for heatstroke, 510
syndrome, 563 Copper, in parenteral nutrition, 614 D
Compensatory shock, 559–560. See also Shock Cortical collecting ducts Dal blood type, 589
Concentration functions of, 26, 27f DDAVP. See Desmopressin, exogenous
percent, 7 in urinary concentration, 38–39 Deep vein thrombosis, dextran prophylaxis for,
solute, 7 Corticosteroids 423
urinary. See Urinary concentration for appetite stimulation, 628 Defined-formula diets, 638, 639b
Concentration alkalosis, 85 deficiency of. See Hypoadrenocorticism DEHP leakage, from catheters, 617–618
strong ion difference and, 321 for hypercalcemia, 154–155, 158t, 159–160, Dehydration, 46–47
Congestive heart failure, 514–543 159b assessment of, 545, 546
acid-base disorders in, 527 for hypoadrenocorticism, 508 definition of, 332
treatment of, 532–538 for hypoglycemia, 509 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 501
adaptive mechanisms in, 516–520, 517b for shock, 574–575 diarrheal, 444–445
anemia and, 534 sodium retention in liver disease and, 469 fluid intake and, 332, 333
azotemia in, 528, 528b for transfusion reactions, 597t fluid loss routes in, 332, 333
backward, 516, 519f Cortisol fluid therapy for, 332, 334, 546
biventricular, 518, 519 deficiency of, in hypoadrenocorticism, 506, history in, 333
causes of, 516, 517b 507 in hypercalcemia, 138
chloride in, 527 in liver disease, 469 hypertonic, 46–47, 47f
chronic, 334 Cosyntropin, in hypoadrenocorticism hypotonic, 46–47, 47f
circulation in, 516–520 diagnosis, 507 laboratory findings in, 335, 336
diet in, 531, 533 Cotransport, 34–35 perioperative management of, 411, 419
evaluation in, 535b Coumarin poisoning, perioperative physical examination in, 334, 335
fluid retention in, 516–518, 519, 519f, 521 management of, 413 physical signs of, 387
diuretics for, 521–525 Countercurrent exchange, 37–38, 39–40 confounding factors for, 387
refractory, 531–532 Countercurrent multiplier concept, 37–38, 39f skin turgor in, 335
renal function and, 519f, 520–521, 525 Countertransport, 34–35 total plasmaproteinconcentrationin,335,336
fluid therapy for, 334, 532–538 COX inhibitors, renal effects of, 525–526 vomiting-related, 443
vascular compartments and, 520 CPAP, renal effects of, 416 weight loss in, 334, 335
forward, 516, 519f Cranial vena cava stenosis, in hemodialysis, 708 Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA),
hemodynamic consequences of, 516, 519b, Creatinine sodium/chloride metabolism and, 81
520f in heart disease, 528 Desmopressin
hypokalemia in, 534 hepatic synthesis of, 462, 466f endogenous, structure of, 51f
hyponatremia in, 65–66, 69, 534–535 Creatinine clearance, 30 exogenous
lactic acidosis in, 533 in polyuria/polydipsia, 70 for central diabetes insipidus, 56, 57
left-sided, 518, 520 Crossmatching, 596, 598–600, 599b, 599f for liver disease, 492–493
magnesium in, 527 Cryo-poor plasma, 587 structure of, 51f
metabolic acidosis in, 527, 533 Cryoprecipitate, 587 for von Willebrand’s disease, 413