Page 734 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

722 INDEX

Desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP), for bicarbonate in, 505 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 . See Calcitriol
hypoadrenocorticism, 508 fluid therapy in, 501, 502t Diltiazem
Dexamethasone insulin in, 502–504, 502t for heart failure, 531
for hemolytic transfusion reaction, 597t magnesium in, 505 for hypercalcemia, 163
for hypercalcemia, 158t, 159–160 phosphorus in, 504–505 Dilution coagulopathy, 597–598, 597t
for hypoadrenocorticism, 508 potassium in, 107, 504, 504t Dilutional acidosis, 85, 260
for hypoglycemia, 509 Dialysis. See Hemodialysis; Peritoneal dialysis strong ion difference and, 322, 323
perioperative use of, 409 Dialysis disequilibrium Dilutional hyponatremia, in liver disease, 468
Dextrans, 336. See also Hydroxyethyl starches in hemodialysis, 707, 708 Diphenhydramine, for posttransfusion urticaria,
adverse effects of, 423, 490 in peritoneal dialysis, 677 597t
for ascites, 489–490, 491–492 Diarrhea, 444–445 Disaccharides, for hepatic encephalopathy,
drug interactions with, 410 in enteral nutrition, 643–644 484–485, 484t
perioperative use of, 423, 424 fluid and electrolyte disturbances in, Disseminated intravascular coagulation
physiochemical properties of, 424 444–445 in heatstroke, 510, 511
for shock, 566, 567t fluid therapy for, 334, 445–447 perioperative management of, 414
for venous thrombosis prevention, 423 oral, 446–447 Dissociation constant, 232
Dextrose metabolic acidosis and, 256–257, 256f, 257t, Distemper, hypoparathyroidism and, 173
caloric content of, 337 444–445 Distributive shock, 557–559, 558t, 560t.
complications with, 393 metabolic alkalosis and, 276–277 See also Shock
for diabetic ketoacidosis, 502, 502t monitoring in, 447 causes of, 561
drug interactions with, 410 nutritional support for, 447 pathophysiology of, 561
electrolyte content of, 339 osmotic, 444 Diuresis, 46
in hemodialysate, 693 pathomechanisms of, 444 pressure, 395
for hyperglycemia, perioperative use of, 410 secretory, 444 solute (osmotic), 46
for hyperkalemia, 113, 114b Diazepam water, 46
in renal failure, 552, 552f for appetite stimulation, 628 Diuretics
for hypernatremia, 61 for blood collection, 593 adverse effects of, 488, 523t
for hypoadrenocorticism, 508–509 Diet. See also Food; Nutrition aldosterone-antagonist, 523t, 524, 530
for hypoglycemia, 509 enteral, 638–639, 639b, 640t for ascites, 488
in hepatic encephalopathy, 481–482 fluid intake and, 17–20, 19f,19t,20f,20t, braking phenomenon and, 525
perioperative use of, 409 21t carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, 523f, 523t, 524
indications for, 337 in heart failure, 531, 533 ceiling effects and, 524, 531–532
for oliguria, 548 high-fiber for central diabetes insipidus, 57
in parenteral nutrition, 612–614, 613t, 615 for hepatic encephalopathy, 484t classification of, 523t
perioperative use of, 422 for hypercalcemia, 154 for dialysis disequilibrium, 708
in peritoneal dialysate, 672–673 in hypervitaminosis D, 163 for heart failure, 515, 521–525, 523f, 534
for pure water deficit, 61, 337 in liver disease, 479–482, 483–484 in combination therapy, 525, 531–532
Diabetes insipidus low-phosphorus, 553–554 dosage and administration of, 524–525
central (pituitary), 56, 57 for renal failure, 204, 205 in home therapy, 530
nephrogenic, 57 low-sodium in hospital therapy, 529
hypercalcemia and, 138 for ascites, 488 hyponatremia due to, 534–535
perioperative management of, 415 for heart failure, 517 for refractory edema/effusions, 531–532
Diabetes mellitus nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism hypercalcemia and, 157–159, 158t
fluid therapy for, 334 and, 166 hyperchloremia and, 88
hyperglycemia hyperosmolar state in, protein-restricted hyperkalemia and, 114, 114b
505–506 hypoalbuminemia and, 463–464 hypokalemia and, 106–107
hyperkalemia in, 108–109 in liver disease, 479–480, 483–484, 484t hyponatremia and, 63, 64–65, 69, 524,
hypocalcemia and, 167 renal, for hypercalcemia, 154 534–535
hypokalemia in, 108–109 renal solute load and, 21 hypophosphatemia and, 199
hypomagnesemia and, 220, 222–223 Diet history, 623, 624f for increased intracranial pressure, 412
hyponatremia in, 63 Dietary fiber, for hepatic encephalopathy, 484t loop, 522–524, 522t, 523f, 523t
hypophosphatemia in, 199, 200–201 Diethylhexylphthalate leakage, from catheters, mechanism of action of, 522t, 523t
perioperative management of, 415 617–618 metabolic alkalosis due to, 277
Diabetic ketoacidosis, 263–264, 500–505 Diffusion for oliguria, 547–549
acetated polyionic solutions in, 394 facilitated, 34 potassium excretion and, 100
acid-base changes in, 501 passive, 34 potassium-sparing, 522t, 523f, 523t, 524
carbohydrate metabolism in, 500 solute flow and, 649 hyperkalemia due to, 112–113
fluid and electrolyte metabolism in, 501 Diffusion impairment, hypoxemia and, 292 renal effects of, 521–525, 522t, 523f
hyperchloremia and, 87–88 Digestive enzymes. See Gastric juice; Pancreatic sequential nephron blockade in, 522–524,
hyperkalemia and, 108–109 juice 523f, 526
hypomagnesemia and, 220, 222–223 Digitalis, 522t sites of action of, 522–524, 523f, 523t
hypophosphatemia and, 199, 200–201 renal effects of, 522t, 525 thiazide/thiazide-like, 522t, 523f, 523t, 524
lipid metabolism in, 500–501 Digoxin Dobutamine
pathophysiology of, 263, 500–501 for heart failure, 530, 531 for cardiogenic shock, 529
perioperative management of, 410 renal effects of, 525 for heart failure, 529
treatment of, 263–264, 501–505 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol. See Calcitriol for shock, 573, 573t