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Hypocapnia (Hyperventilation): Causes Hypochloremia (Corrected) 1239.e1

Hypocapnia (Hyperventilation): Causes Hypochloremia (Corrected)
VetBooks.ir Hypotension Pseudohypochloremia

Fever
Lipemic samples (titrimetric methods)
Sepsis Excessive loss of chloride relative to sodium
Excitement Vomiting of stomach contents*
Exercise Therapy with thiazides or loop diuretics*
Pain Chronic respiratory acidosis
Pulmonary thromboembolism Hyperadrenocorticism
Early pulmonary parenchymal disease Glucocorticoid administration
Cytokine release in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome Exercise
Inappropriate ventilator settings Administration of substances with high sodium relative to chloride
Compensation for metabolic acidosis Sodium bicarbonate
Hyperventilation (rare in dogs or cats) Sodium penicillin (extremely high doses)
Disorders that can mimic hypoadrenocorticism
PCO 2 <33 mm Hg [venous], <36 mm Hg [arterial]; in cats: PCO 2 <33 mm Hg [venous], <28 mm Trichuriasis (whipworms)
Hg [arterial]). Salmonellosis
Modified with permission from King L: Textbook of respiratory disease in dogs and cats, St. Louis, Perforated duodenal ulcer
2004, Saunders, p 183.
Diabetes mellitus
Pleural effusion
*Most important causes in small animal practice.
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-
-
Chloride (Cl ) should be corrected to reflect changes due to water balance: Cl (corrected) = Cl (measured)
+
+
× (Na [normal]/Na [measured])
Modified from de Morais HSA: Chloride ion in small animal practice: the forgotten ion. J Vet Emerg
Differentials, Lists, and Mnemonics
Crit Care 2:11-24, 1992.

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