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Nasal Discharge Nasal Neoplasia 1255

Nasal Discharge
VetBooks.ir Unilateral Bilateral

Serous • Stress
• Nasal mites
• Allergy
• Irritants (e.g., cleaning products, cigarette smoke)
• Early viral infection (i.e., FCV, FHV-1)
• Congestive heart failure
Mucoid or mucopurulent • Oronasal/periodontal disease (e.g., tooth-root • Systemic disease (e.g., vomiting, regurgitation, pneumonia, viral
abscess, oronasal fistula) respiratory infections, dysautonomia)
• Foreign body (e.g., grass awn, sticks) • Oronasal/periodontal disease (e.g., cleft palate, bilateral tooth-root
• Early nasal neoplasia (e.g., adenocarcinoma, abscesses)
undifferentiated carcinoma, lymphoma) • Nasopharyngeal stenosis
• Early fungal rhinitis (e.g., Cryptococcus spp, • Fungal rhinitis (e.g., Cryptococcus spp, Aspergillus spp, Penicillium
Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp) spp, Rhinosporidium spp)
• Neurogenic rhinitis (e.g., usually concurrent to • Nasal neoplasia (e.g., adenocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma,
ipsilateral KCS) lymphoma)
• Parasitic (e.g., Cuterebra spp) • Nasopharyngeal polyp (cats > dogs)
• Idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (can be • Idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis
unilateral) • Secondary bacterial rhinitis
Epistaxis • Fungal rhinitis • Hemostatic defect
• Nasal neoplasia • Primary (thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy)
• Hemostatic defect (often bilateral, but may • Secondary (e.g., vitamin K rodenticide, liver failure)
begin as unilateral epistaxis) • Severe systemic hypertension (rare)
• Trauma • Vasculitis (infectious, immune mediated, idiopathic)
• Foreign body (typically becomes mucoid or • Infectious (e.g., ehrlichiosis) Differentials, Lists, and Mnemonics
mucopurulent with time) • Immune mediated
• Idiopathic
• Fungal rhinitis
• Nasal neoplasia

AUTHOR: Jared Jaffey, DVM, MS, DACVIM

Nasal Discharge/Obstruction in Cats, Nasal Neoplasia
Chronic

Malignant Tumors of the Canine and Feline Nasal
Viral rhinitis with or without secondary bacterial infection Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
Herpesvirus (feline viral rhinotracheitis) Canine
Calicivirus Adenocarcinoma
Neoplasia (nasal lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, other) Differentiated
Lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis Undifferentiated
Foreign body (often plant material, grass) Transitional cell carcinoma
Cryptococcal rhinitis Squamous cell carcinoma
Tooth root abscess Chondrosarcoma
Oronasal fistulae Fibrosarcoma
Nasopharyngeal stenosis Lymphoma
Esophageal motility dysfunction
Nasopharyngeal polyp Feline
Cleft palate, congenital (uncommon) Adenocarcinoma
Lymphoma
Cause often remains undetermined even after diagnostic investigation. Infrequently Reported
Osteosarcoma
Hemangiosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Nerve sheath tumors
Neuroblastoma
Modified from Bonagura J: Kirk’s Current veterinary therapy XIII, St. Louis, 2000, Saunders.

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