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1274 Ptyalism Pulmonary Hypertension: Causes and Associated Disorders

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VetBooks.ir Disease Site Lesions
Alopecia, hair stubble, normal underlying skin
Self-induced psychogenic hair loss L
Bilaterally symmetrical, stripe(s) on dorsal thorax, caudal
and lateral thighs, ventral abdomen, perineum, forelegs
Cheyletiellosis L, R Dorsum of thorax, generalized Large scales, crusts, seborrhea, “miliary dermatitis”
Demodicosis L, R Trunk, ventral, generalized Alopecia, scaling
Mosquito-bite hypersensitivity U, R, S Bilaterally symmetrical, dorsal muzzle, planum nasale Papules, crusts, alopecia, erosion, exudation, periorbital,
pinnae, paw pad margins fistulation
Pediculosis U, R, S Dorsum, generalized Scales, crusts, alopecia
Notoedric acariosis (feline scabies) U, R Head, ears, neck, generalized Erythema, papules, crusts, excoriations, partially bilaterally
symmetrical alopecia
Harvest mites (chiggers, trombiculiasis) U, R, S Ventrum, legs, anywhere Erythema, scales, crusts, papules, alopecia
Pruritic dermatophytosis U Head, neck, ears, generalized Erythema, alopecia, hair stubble, “miliary dermatitis,”
hyperpigmentation
Drug eruptions U Anywhere, localized or generalized, pinnae, face Pleomorphic, erythema, papules, coalescing target lesions
Pemphigus foliaceus U Bilaterally symmetrical, face, planum nasale, ears, Pustules, epidermal collarettes, crusts, alopecia
interdigital webs, nipples, generalized
C, Common; L, less common; R, regional; S, seasonal; U, uncommon.
Modified from Ettinger S, Feldman E: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St. Louis, 2005, Saunders.

Ptyalism

Cause Salient Characteristics
Conformational drooling Chronic. Normal amount of saliva produced but retained by lip conformation. Often large, slack-lipped breeds.
Oral lesions Possible signs of mouth pain, pawing at face, halitosis. Look for abscess, masses, foreign body, dental disease, gingivitis, burns, ulcers.
Check FIV status if stomatitis present in cats.
Neurologic disease Perform cranial nerve exam. Decreased gag reflex possible. Difficulty in prehending, chewing, or swallowing. History of trauma, seizures,
abnormal behavior.
Neuromuscular Regurgitation (myasthenia), bilateral or unilateral temporal or masseter muscle atrophy. Sardonic grin (tetanus). Inability to open or close
mouth (temporomandibular joint disease, masticatory muscle myositis, trigeminal neuropathy).
Metabolic Hepatic disease/portosystemic shunt (cats may have copper-colored iris), renal (uremic ulcers, halitosis), nausea-associated.
Toxins or drugs Acute onset. Caustic or noxious exposure. Acute vitamin A toxicosis, pesticides (organophosphates), poisonous toads, mushrooms,
cannabis/marijuana, prescription or over-the-counter medications (e.g., pilocarpine, ketamine), others.
Immune Ulcerative stomatitis, mucocutaneous lesions.
Pain, anxiety, fear Acute. Physical appearance/behavior supportive. Historical association with inciting events.
Salivary gland disorders Phenobarbital responsive sialadenosis (firm, large salivary glands, often with vomiting or gagging), sialadenitis (painful), salivary
neoplasia (unilateral).
Esophageal disease Esophagitis or megaesophagus (regurgitation).
Infectious disease Rabies (zoonosis), feline calicivirus, feline herpes virus, any infection causing nausea or oral ulcers.
FIV, Feline immunodeficiency virus.
Reproduced from the third edition in modified form.

THIRD EDITION AUTHOR: Diana M. Schropp, DVM, DACVECC

Pulmonary Hypertension: Causes and Associated Disorders

Airway or pulmonary parenchymal disease (chronic) Idiopathic/“primary”
Branch pulmonary artery stenosis (congenital) Left-to-right shunting congenital malformations
Congestive heart failure (chronic left-sided) Persistently underdeveloped/“fetal” pulmonary circulation
Heartworm disease Pulmonary thromboembolism
Hypoxemia (chronic): high altitude, chronic airway obstruction

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