Page 406 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

378 PART II Respiratory System Disorders

of the mass should be attempted at that time, unless lym- Lana S, et al. Diagnosis of mediastinal masses in dogs by flow
cytometry. J Vet Intern Med. 2006;20:1161.
phoma is diagnosed. (Specific recommendations for the Lappin MR, et al. Antimicrobial use guidelines for the treatment of
VetBooks.ir management of dogs and cats with mediastinal neoplasia are respiratory tract disease in dogs and cats: antimicrobial guide-
given in Chapter 78.)
lines working group of the International Society for Companion
Animal Infectious Diseases. J Vet Intern Med. 2017;31:279.
PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM Liu DT, et al. Feline secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: a ret-
rospective study of 16 cases (2000-2012). J Vet Emerg Crit Care
(San Antonio). 2014;24:316.
Pneumomediastinum is identified radiographically. Subcu- McAnulty JF. Prospective comparison of cisterna chyli ablation to
taneous emphysema or pneumothorax can occur concur- pericardectomy for treatment of spontaneously occurring idio-
rently or secondarily. Respiratory compromise most often pathic chylothorax in the dog. Vet Surg. 2011;40:926.
results from pneumothorax. Mediastinal air commonly Mooney ET, et al. Spontaneous pneumothorax in 35 cats
originates from rupture or tears in the trachea, bronchi, or (2001-2010). J Feline Med Surg. 2012;14:384.
alveoli. These leaks can occur as a result of bite wounds of Moore AS. Chemotherapy for intrathoracic cancer in dogs and cats.
the neck or sudden changes in intrathoracic pressure result- Probl Vet Med. 1992;4:351.
ing from coughing, blunt trauma, or excessive respiratory Oppenheimer N, et al. Retrospective evaluation of the use of
autologous blood-patch treatment for persistent pneumothorax
efforts against obstructed airways. Potential iatrogenic causes in 8 dogs (2009-2012). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio).
include tracheal washing, tracheostomy, and endotracheal 2014;24:215.
tube placement (usually by overinflation of the cuff). Air can Puerto DA, et al. Surgical and nonsurgical management of and
enter the mediastinum through esophageal tears, generally selected risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 64
resulting from foreign bodies. cases (1986-1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1670;220:2002.
Strict cage rest is indicated for animals with pneumome- Rooney MB, et al. Medical and surgical treatment of pyothorax in
diastinum to facilitate natural sealing of the tear. If air con- dogs: 26 cases (1991-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;221:86.
tinues to accumulate, causing respiratory compromise, Singh A, et al. Idiopathic chylothorax: pathophysiology, diag-
bronchoscopy should be performed to identify tracheal or nosis, and thoracic duct imaging. Compend Contin Educ Vet.
bronchial lacerations that may require surgical repair. 2012a;34:E1.
Singh A, et al. Idiopathic chylothorax: nonsurgical and surgical
management. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2012b;34:E1.
Suggested Readings
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Au JJ, et al. Use of computed tomography for evaluation of lung roperitoneal shunts in dogs: 14 cases (1985-1999). J Am Vet Med
lesions associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 12 Assoc. 1590;219:2001.
cases (1999-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006;228:733. Stillion JR, et al. A clinical review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis,
Barrs VR, Beatty JA. Feline pyothorax—new insights into an old and treatment of pyothorax in the dog and cat. J Vet Emerg Crit
problem: part 1. Aetiopathogenesis and diagnostic investigation. Care (San Antonio). 2015;25:113.
Vet J. 2009;179:163. Thomas EK, Syring RS. Pneumomediastinum in cats: 45 cases
Boothe HW, et al. Evaluation of outcomes in dogs treated for pyo- (2000-2010). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2013;23:429.
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Fossum TW. Small animal surgery. 4th ed. St Louis: Elsevier Mosby; of idiopathic chylothorax in four cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc.
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Fossum TW, et al. Thoracic duct ligation and pericardectomy for Waddell LS, et al. Risk factors, prognostic indicators, and outcome
treatment of idiopathic chylothorax. J Vet Intern Med. 2004;18:307. of pyothorax in cats: 80 cases (1986-1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc.
Holtsinger RH, et al. Spontaneous pneumothorax in the dog: a 2002;221:819.
retrospective analysis of 21 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. Walker AL, et al. Bacteria associated with pyothorax of dogs and
1993;29:195. cats: 98 cases (1989-1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;216:359.