Page 429 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 26 Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disorders 401

BOX 26.9
VetBooks.ir Major Causes of Malabsorptive Disease Cat

Dog
Parasitism: giardiasis, nematodes (common and important) Dietary responsive (food intolerance or allergy; common
Dietary responsive (food intolerance or allergy; common and important)
and important) Parasitism: giardiasis
Antibiotic-responsive enteropathy (also called “dysbiosis”) Inflammatory bowel disease: lymphocytic-plasmacytic
(common and important) enteritis (common and important)
Inflammatory bowel disease Neoplastic bowel disease (especially lymphoma; common
Neoplastic bowel disease (especially lymphoma; important and important)
but not common)
Fungal infections (regionally important)
Pythiosis
Histoplasmosis

BOX 26.10 BOX 26.11
Major Causes of Protein-Losing Enteropathy* Major Causes of Chronic Large Intestinal Diarrhea

Dog Dog
Intestinal lymphangiectasia (common and important) Dietary responsive (intolerance or allergy; important and
Alimentary tract lymphoma (important) common)
Severe inflammatory bowel disease Fiber-responsive (important and common)
Alimentary tract fungal infections Parasitism
Histoplasmosis (regionally important) Whipworms (regionally important and common)
Pythiosis (regionally important) Heterobilharzia (regionally important)
Chronic intussusception (especially young dogs) Bacterial diseases
Alimentary tract hemorrhage (e.g., ulceration or erosion, “Clostridial” colitis (important and common)
neoplasia, parasites) Histiocytic ulcerative colitis (usually Boxers and French
Unusual enteropathies (e.g., chronic purulent enteropathy, Bulldogs)
severe ectasia of mucosal crypts) Fungal infections (regionally important and common)
Massive hookworm or whipworm infestation (regionally Histoplasmosis
important) Pythiosis
Inflammatory bowel disease (uncommon in dogs)
Cat Neoplasia
Alimentary tract lymphoma (important) Lymphoma
Severe inflammatory bowel disease (common and Adenocarcinoma
important)
Alimentary hemorrhage (e.g., neoplasia, duodenal Cat
polyps, idiopathic ulceration) Dietary responsive (intolerance or allergy; important and
common)
*Any gastrointestinal disease can cause protein-losing enteropathy, Fiber-responsive (important and common)
but these are the most common causes. Except for Inflammatory bowel disease (important)
lymphangiectasia, these diseases do not consistently produce Tritrichomonas (especially important in exotic cats and in
protein-losing enteropathy. catteries)
Feline leukemia virus infection (including infections
the wrong place, too much artifact), the pathologist did not secondary to it)
recognize the lesion, the animal has occult giardiasis or ARE Feline immunodeficiency virus infection (specifically
or dietary intolerance, or there is disease (e.g., lymphan- infections secondary to it)
giectasia, neoplasia, inflammation) localized to where the
clinician did not biopsy.
There are some differences in cats with chronic small Dogs with chronic large intestinal diarrhea (Box 26.11)
bowel disease compared with dogs. PLE is less common in should first undergo a digital rectal examination to search
cats, and when present typically indicates severe infiltrative for mucosal thickening or proliferation. The rectum is the
disease (usually not lymphangiectasia) and the need for most common site of canine colonic neoplasia, and finding
biopsy. Nematode infections causing chronic diarrhea are obvious mucosal lesions indicates the need for biopsy. If the
much less common in cats than in dogs. rectal mucosa seems normal, the animal has not lost weight,