Page 655 - Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses, 7th Edition
P. 655
Lameness of the Proximal Limb 621
65. Lindsay WA, Horney FD. Equine carpal surgery: a review of 89 93. Palmer SE. Prevalence of carpal fractures in thoroughbred and stand-
cases and evaluation of return to function. J Am Vet Med Assoc 94. Palmer JL, Bertone AL, Litsky AS. Contact area and pressure
ardbred racehorses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986;188:1171–1173.
VetBooks.ir 66. Lingard D. Strain of the superior check ligament of the horse. 95. Palmer JL, Bertone AL, Mansour J, et al. Biomechanical proper-
1981;179:682–685.
distribution changes of the equine third carpal bone during load-
ing. Equine Vet J 1994;26:197–202.
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;148:364.
67. Llewellyan HR. A case of carpal intersynovial fistula in a horse.
Equine Vet J 1979;11:90.
68. Lokai MD, Meyer RJ. Preliminary observation on oxytetracycline ties of third carpal articular cartilage in exercised and nonexer-
cised horses. J Orthop Res 1995;13:854–860.
treatment of congenital flexural deformities in foals. Modern Vet 96. Penizzi L, Barber SM, Lang HM, et al. Carpal metacarpal osteo-
Pract 1985;66:237. arthritis in 33 horses. Vet Surg 2009;38:998–1005.
69. Lucas JM, Ross MW, Richardson DW. Post operative performance 97. Penizzi L, Barber SM, Lang HM, et al. Evaluation of a minimally
of racing Standardbreds treated arthroscopically for carpal chip invasive arthrodesis technique for the carpal metacarpal joint in
fractures: 176 cases (1986–1993). Equine Vet J 1999;31:48–52. horses. Vet Surg 2011;40:464–472.
70. Lundvall RL. Periosteal new bone formation of the radius as a cause 98. Pharr JW, Fretz PB. Radiographic findings in foals with angular
of lameness in two horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1976;168:612–613. limb deformities. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981;179:812–817.
71. Mackay‐Smith MP, Cushing LS, Leslie JA. “Carpal canal” syn- 99. Poole R. Tumors and tumor like lesions of joints and adjacent
drome in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1972;160:993–997. soft tissues. In Tumors in Domestic Animals, 3rd ed. Moulton JE,
72. Madison JB, Garber JL, Rice B, et al. Effect of oxytetracycline on ed. University of California Press, Berkley, CA, 1990.
metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint angles in 100. Read EK, Read MR, Townsend HG, et al. Effect of hemi‐circum-
newborn foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994;204:246–249. ferential periosteal transection and elevation in foals with exper-
73. Malone ED, Les CM, Turner TA. Severe carpometacarpal osteoar- imentally induced angular limb deformities. J Am Vet Med Assoc
thritis in older Arabian horses. Vet Surg 2003;32: 191–195. 2002;221:536–540.
74. Manning JP, St. Clair LE. Carpal hyperextension and arthrosis in 101. Robert C, Valette JP, Denoix JM. Longitudinal development of
the horse. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 1972;18:173. equine forelimb confirmation from birth to weaning in three dif-
75. Martin GS, Haynes PF, McClure JR. Effect of third carpal slab frac- ferent horses. Vet J 2013;198:75–80.
ture and repair on racing performance in Thoroughbred horses: 31 102. Roberts EJ. Carpal lameness. Br Equine Vet Assoc Ann Conf
cases (1977–1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988;193:107–110. 1964;181.
76. Mason TA. Chronic tenosynovitis of the extensor tendons and 103. Ross MW. The carpus. In Diagnosis and Management of Lameness
tendon sheaths of the carpal region in the horse. Equine Vet J Horses. Ross MW, Dyson SJ, eds. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2003;
1977;9:186–188. 376–393.
77. Mason TA. A high incidence of congenital angular limb deformi- 104. Russel JW, Hall MS, Kelly GM. Osteochondroma on the cranial
ties in a group of foals. Vet Rec 1981;109:93. aspect of the distal radial metaphysis causing tenosynovitis of
78. McIlwraith CW, James LF. Limb deformities in foals associated the extensor carpi radial tendon sheath in a horse. Aust Vet
with ingestion of locoweed by mares. J Am Vet Med Assoc J 2017;95:46–48.
1982;181:255–258. 105. Schneider RK, Bramlage LR, Gabel AA, et al. Incidence, location
79. McIlwraith CW, Yovich JV, Martin GS. Arthroscopic surgery for and classification of 371 third carpal bone fractures in 313
the treatment of osteochondral chip fractures in the equine car- horses. Equine Vet J Suppl 1988;6:33–42.
pus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987;191:531–540. 106. Sedrish SA, Moore RM. Diagnosis and management of incom-
80. McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Rodkey WG, et al. Evaluation of plete ossification of the cuboidal bones in foals. Vet Clin North
intra‐articular mesenchymal stem cells to augment healing of Am Equine Pract 1997;19:16.
microfractured chondral defects. Arthroscopy 2011;27:1552– 107. Shupe JL, Leone NC, Olson AE, et al. Hereditary multiple exos-
1561. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.06.002. toses: clinicopathologic features of a comparative study in horses
81. McIlwraith CW, Nixon AJ, Wright IM. Diagnostic and Surgical and man. Am J Vet Res 1979;40:751–757.
Arthroscopy in the Horse, 4th ed. Elsevier, London, 2014. 108. Simon V, Dyson SJ. Radiologic anatomic variation of the carpus
82. McLaughlin BG, Doige CE. A study of ossification of carpal and in horses with carpal lameness and control horses. Vet Radiol
tarsal bones in normal and hypothyroid foals. Can Vet J Ultrasound 2010;51:601–606.
1982;23:164–168. 109. Simon V, Dyson SJ. Radiographic and scintigraphic evaluation of
83. McLaughlin BG, Doige CE, Fretz PB, et al. Carpal bone lesions the third carpal bone of control horses and horses with carpal
associated with angular limb deformities in foals. J Am Vet Med lameness. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012;53:465–473.
Assoc 1981;178:224–230. 110. Slone DE, Roberts CT, Hughes FE. Restricted exercise and
84. Meyers VS, Gordon GW. Ruptured common digital extensor ten- transphyseal bridging for correction of angular limb deformities.
don associated with contracted flexor tendon in foals. Proc Am Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 2000;46:126–127.
Assoc Equine Pract 1975;21:67. 111. Smith MR, Kawcak CE, McIlwraith CW. Science in brief: report
85. Minshall GJ, Wright IM. Frontal plane fractures of the accessory on the Havemeyer Foundation workshop on subchondral bone
carpal bone and implications for the carpal sheath of the digital problems in the equine athlete. Equine Vet J 2016;48(10):6–8.
flexor tendons. Equine Vet J 2014;46:579–584. 112. Southwood LL, Stashak TS, Fehr JE, et al. Lateral approach for
86. Mitten LA, Bramlage LR, Embertson RM. Racing performance endoscopic removal of solitary osteochondromas from the distal
after hemicircumferential periosteal transection for angular limb radial metaphysis in three horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;
deformities in thoroughbreds: 199 cases (1987–1989). J Am Vet 210:1166–1168.
Med Assoc 1995;207:746–750. 113. Squire KR, Adams SB, Widmer WR, et al. Arthroscopic removal
87. Mizuno Y. Fractures of the carpus in racing Thoroughbreds of the of a palmar radial osteochondroma causing carpal canal syn-
Japan Racing Association: prevalence, location and current modes drome in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;201:1216–1218.
of surgical therapy. J Equine Vet Sci 1996;16:25. 114. Stahre L, Tufvesson G. Volar, supracarpal exostoses as causes of
88. Modesto RB, Rogerson DH, Masciarelli AE, et al. Standing place- lameness in the horse. Nord Vet Med 1967;19:356.
ment of transphyseal screw in the distal radius in 8 thoroughbred 115. Stashak TS. Lameness. In Adams’ Lameness in Horses. Stashak
yearlings. Can Vet J 2015:56:605–609. TS, ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1987.
89. Nagy A, Dyson S. Magnetic resonance anatomy of the carpus of 116. Stephens PR, Richardson DW, Spencer PA. Slab fractures of the
the horse described from images acquired from low field and high third carpal bone in standardbreds and thoroughbreds: 155
field magnets. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011;52:273–283. cases (1977–1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988;193:353–358.
90. Nagy A, Dyson S. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in the 117. Textor JA, Nixon AJ, Fortier LA. Tenoscopic release of the
carpus and proximal metacarpal region of 50 lame horses. Equine equine carpal canal. Vet Surg 2003;32:278–284.
Vet J 2012;44:163–168. 118. Uhlhorn H, Ekman S, Haglund A, et al. The accuracy of the dor-
91. Nixon AJ, Schachter BL, Pool RR. Exostoses of the caudal perim- soproximal‐dorsodistal projection in assessing third carpal bone
eter of the radial physis as a cause of carpal synovial sheath teno- sclerosis in standardbred trotters. Vet Radiol Ultrasound
synovitis and lameness in horses: 10 cases (1999–2003). J Am Vet 1998;39:412–417.
Med Assoc 2004;224:264–270. 119. van Veenendaal JC, Speirs VC, Harrison I. Treatment of hygro-
92. Norrdin RW, Kawcak CE, Capwell BA, et al. Calcified cartilage mata in horses. Aust Vet J 1981;57:513–514.
morphometry and its relation to subchondral bone remodeling in 120. Wallace CE. Chronic tendosynovitis of the extensor carpi radia-
equine arthrosis. Bone 1999;24:109–114. lis tendon in the horse. Aust Vet J 1972;48:585–587.