Page 272 - Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 8th Edition

Endocrinology / 257

Table 13-1. Major Endocrine Glands, the Hormones They Secrete, and Primary
Action and Target Tissue of the Hormones
VetBooks.ir Endocrine Gland Hormone Action (Target Tissue or Organ)

Hypothalamus CRH Stimulates ACTH release (adenohypophysis,
corticotrope)
GnRH Stimulates FSH, LH release
(adenohypophysis, gonadotrope)
GHRH Stimulates GH release (adenohypophysis,
somatotrope)
GHIH Inhibits GH release (adenohypophysis,
somatotrope)
TRH Stimulates TSH release (adenohypophysis,
thyrotrope)
Dopamine (prolactin‐ Inhibits prolactin release (adenohypophysis,
inhibiting hormone) lactotrope)
Oxytocin and antidiuretic
hormone synthesized in
hypothalamus; stored,
released from
neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis ACTH Stimulates cortical development,
(anterior pituitary) glucocorticoid release (adrenal cortex)
FSH Stimulates follicular development (ovary),
sperm development (testes)
LH Stimulates ovulation, development of
corpus luteum, secretion by corpus luteum
(ovary), secretion of androgens (testes)
GH Promotes growth in immature animals;
metabolic effects on carbohydrate, lipid,
protein metabolism in adults
TSH Stimulates release of thyroid hormones
(follicular cells of thyroid gland)
PRL Promotes lactation (mammary gland),
maternal behavior (central nervous system)
Neurohypophysis Oxytocin Stimulates uterine contraction, milk let‐
(posterior pituitary) down (uterus, mammary glands)
ADH (vasopressin) Conserves water, reduces urine volume
(kidney); constricts vessels to raise blood
pressure (arterioles)
Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids Essential for normal response to stress;
important roles in protein, carbohydrate
metabolism (multiple organs including
liver)
Mineralocorticoids Conserve sodium, eliminate potassium
(aldosterone) (kidney)
Adrenal medulla Epinephrine, Augments sympathetic response to stress
norepinephrine by actions on several organs
Thyroid follicular cells T , T Increases oxygen consumption, ATP
4 3
generation (almost all cells)
(Continued)