Page 416 - Avian Virology: Current Research and Future Trends

Index | 407
Minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 (MCM3) 259 phylogenetic tree 63
Missing self-hypothesis 382 PPMV-1 and 64 (See also Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1))
Mitochondrial antiviral signalling (MAVS) 12 propagation 45–46, 137
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway 12, 13, 153–54, 219, replication overview 56–57
293, 351 reverse genetics 58–60, 62, 65–66, 70, 71, 111–12
Molecular vaccines 163. See also DNA vaccines; Subunit vaccines RNA replication 49, 57
Monocytes 383 ‘rule of six’ 47, 58, 60
Mononegavirales 44, 48, 85, 111, 119, 121 transcription 48–49, 57
Mosquitoes 366 transmission and spread 66–67
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) 140–41, 144–46, 151, 153, 155, 158 vaccination 69–71 (See also under Vaccines and vaccination)
MPVs. See Metapneumoviruses (MPVs) as vaccine vector 60–61, 71, 112, 123, 223
MRV (Mammalian orthoreovirus) 180, 187, 190 velogenic strains 59–60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68
MSD (marble spleen disease) 283, 304, 305, 306 neurotropic (VNND) 65, 67
MSDV (marble spleen disease virus) 284, 286, 299, 305 viscerotropic (VVND) 65, 67
Mucosal immunity 69–70. See also Innate immunity viral proteins 49–56, 65–66
Multilocus sequencing 335 fusion protein (F) 52–54, 65, 66, 69
Multiplex PCR 239 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN) 54–56, 65, 66, 69
Mumps virus 107 large protein (L) 56, 65–66
Murayama virus 106 matrix protein (M) 52, 65
Murine coronavirus 140 nucleocapsid protein (N) 50, 65–66
Muscicapidae 15 phosphoprotein (P) 50–51, 65–66
Muscovy ducks 119, 124, 125, 180, 184, 188–89, 196 V protein 50, 51
Mute swan 198 W protein 50, 51
Mx (Myxovirus resistance) proteins 380–81 viral RNA synthesis 48–49, 57
Mycoplasma 21 virion morphology 45, 46
Mycoplasma virulent, emergence of 66
iowae 191 virus adsorption and entry 56–57
synoviae 191, 201 virus assembly and budding 57
Mycoplasma synovitis 200 virus characterization 68
Mycoreovirus 180 in wild birds 63–64, 66
Myeloblastosis 234, 236 Next generation sequencing (NGS) 22
Myelocytoma/myelocytomatosis 234, 236 NF-κB signalling 12–13, 18, 152, 215–19, 237, 293–95, 378, 381
Myeoloid leukosis 231, 232, 234, 236, 241 NI (neuraminidase inhibition) 85
Mynahpox virus 365, 370 NIBV (nephropathogenic IBV) 156, 157
Myocarditis 188, 194, 195, 196, 236 Nicotiana benthamiana expression system 223
Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins 380–81 Nidovirales 134, 149
Nidoviruses 46
N Nipah virus 60
Natural killer (NK) cells 380, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 388 NK (natural killer) cells 380, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 388
ND. See Newcastle disease (ND) NLRs (nucleotide oligomerization (NOD)-like receptors) 12, 13, 219,
NDV. See Newcastle disease virus (NDV) 237, 293, 378
Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NRV) 180, 187, 188 Norovirus 60
Neophema 89 Northern fulmar 250
Nephropathogenic IBV (NIBV) 156, 157 NRV (Nelson Bay orthoreovirus) 180, 187, 188
Nesopelia g. galapagoensis 368 Nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-kB) signalling. See NF-kB signalling
Neuraminidase inhibition (NI) 85 Nucleotide oligomerization (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) 12, 13, 219,
Neurolymphomatosis 232 237, 293, 378
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) 383 Numididae 14
Newcastle disease (ND) 43–44, 64, 66–67, 69–71, 223, 333, 377
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) 43–83 O
AI diagnosis and 21 OAS (2′–5′-oligoadenylate synthetase) 380, 381
as an oncolytic agent 61–62 OAvV (Orthoavulavirus) 43, 44, 45, 86, 87, 95, 104–5
antigenic and genetic variations among isolates 62–63 Oestrogen and oestrogen receptors/response elements 249, 258, 266, 267
APMV serotypes compared to 86–88 OIE (World Organization for Animal Health) 1, 45, 161
class I and class II 62–63 OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code 22–23
clinical signs 67 2′–5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) 380, 381
diagnosis 67–68 Onc genes 233
genetics 57–58 Oncogenes 231, 232–33, 234, 241
genome length 46, 47 Opsonic receptors 383
genome structure 47–48 Oral Cancer Overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1) 216
geographic distribution 44 Orbivirus 180
history 43 Oriental stork 388
immune response to 68–69, 377, 379, 380, 385 Orthoavulavirus (OAvV) 43, 44, 45, 86, 87, 95, 104–5
infectious agent 44–46 Orthomyxoviridae 2
lentogenic strains 59, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70 Orthomyxoviruses 2, 385
membrane fusion mechanism 53, 54 Orthoparamyxovirinae 44, 85
mesogenic strains 59, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70 Orthoreovirus 179, 180, 187, 188, 202. See also Avian reovirus
molecular basis of virulence 64–66 fusogenic orthoreoviruses 180, 187
natural and experimental host range 44 non-fusogenic orthoreoviruses 180, 187
pathology 67 Oryzavirus 180
P gene mRNA editing 49, 50 Osteopetrosis 232, 236