Page 414 - Avian Virology: Current Research and Future Trends

Index | 405
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) 211–29 Segment 2: PB1, PB1-N40 and PB1-F2 6–7
avian adenoviruses and 304, 307 Segment 3: PA, PA-X, and N-terminal truncated forms of PA 7
avian reovirus and 191, 195 Segment 4: haemagglutinin (HA) 7–8
CAV and 264, 269, 270, 272 Segment 5: nucleoprotein (NP) 8–9
host interaction 213–22 Segment 6: neuraminidase (NA) 9
adaptive immune response 221–22, 385 Segment 7: matrix protein 1 (M1), ion channel M2, and M42 9–10
cell membrane receptors and virus entry and Segment 8: NS1 and NEP/NS2 10
internalization 213–14 virus life cycle 10–12
host and target cells 213 virus structure 2, 4
innate immune response 218–21, 378–79, 381, 382 Influenzavirus A 2
suppression of immune response 222 Influenzavirus B 2
viral components with cellular proteins 215–17 Influenzavirus C 2
virus survival in host cells 217–18 Influenzavirus D 2
introduction 211 Influenza viruses 1, 60. See also Avian influenza virus; Influenza A viruses
multiplex PCR and 201 (IAVs)
serotype I 211, 213, 221 Innate immunity 377–83
serotype II 211, 213 adaptive immunity and 385, 388
vaccination for 222–23 (See also under Vaccines and vaccination) avian adenoviruses and 283, 293, 302–3
attenuated live vaccines 222 CAV and 263, 271
immune complex vaccines 223 IAV and 12
inactivated vaccines 222–23 IBDV and 218–21, 222
VP2-related vaccines 223 IBV and 158
virus characteristics Inositol-requiring enzyme1 (IRE1) 151, 152
classification and structure 212 In ovo vaccination 388
genetic variation and virulence 212–13 Integrase 233, 234, 240
in wild birds 199 Integrin α4β1 receptor 213, 214
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) 317, 328, 331, 332 Integrin αvβ1 receptor 122
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) 317–44 Interferon induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM) 380–81
AI diagnosis and 21 Interferon regulated genes (IRGs) 379, 380–82
APMV-2 and 106 Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) 237
chicken MHC and 385 Interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) 220, 221
clinical features, diagnosis and epizootiology 331–35 Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) 18, 51, 215, 219, 237, 381
clinical signs 332 Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) 12, 218, 381
diagnosis 333–35 Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) 379–80
gross lesions 332 Interferons. See IFNs and IFN signalling
microscopic lesions 332–33 Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) 237, 379–82
diphtheritic poxvirus infections compared to 367, 369 Interleukins. See IL
history 317 Intermediate gyrovirus (GyV3) 252
innate immune response and 377, 378, 383 Internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) 352
molecular biology and viral genetics 318–28 Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) 385
genome arrangement 318–19 Intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) test 45, 64, 68, 90
phylogeny and recombination 319 Intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) test 68
viral gene transcription and micro-RNA 319–20 In vitro ligation system for reverse genetics 155, 156
viral proteins and their functions 320–28 IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1) 151, 152
pathogenesis and immunity 328–31 Irenidae 15
acute infection 328–29 IRES (internal ribosome entry sites) 352
immune response 330–31, 377, 378 IRF1 (interferon regulatory factor 1) 237
latent infection 329 IRF2 (interferon regulatory factor 2) 220, 221
viral strategies to modulate host responses 329–30 IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) 18, 51, 215, 219, 237, 381
physical properties of the virion 317–18 IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor 7) 12, 218, 381
taxonomy 317 IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor 9) 379–80
vaccines 330–31, 335–37 (See also under Vaccines and vaccination) IRGs (interferon regulated genes) 379, 380–82
virion propagation 318 ISA brown chickens 303
Infectious proventriculitis 194 Isavirus 2
Infectious stunting syndrome 194 ISG15 382
Influenza A2 virus variant 137 ISGF3 complex 379–80
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) 1, 2–14. See also Avian influenza virus; High ISGs (interferon-stimulated genes) 237, 379–82
pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIV); Low pathogenicity avian ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs) 382
influenza viruses (LPAIV) ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs) 382
cell-to-cell spread independent of particle release 122 IVPI (intravenous pathogenicity index) test 68
classification, morphology, genome structure and organization 2–5
genome segments and encoded proteins 2, 5 J
HA subtypes 1, 2, 7–8, 14, 16 Jackdaws 265
host cell effects 12–14 Jak/STAT signalling pathway 13, 18, 220, 351, 379, 380, 382
NA subtypes 1, 2, 9, 14 Japanese quail 183, 265
natural hosts and interspecies transmission routes 14, 199 Jardine’s parrots 197
number of strains reported 14–15 Jun oncogenic pathway 354–55
viral fusion mechanism 11
viral genes and proteins, viral protein functions 5–10 K
Segment 1: PB2 and PB2-S 5–6 Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) 353, 354