Page 224 - Canine Lameness

Table 14.1 Key features for selected diseases affecting the elbow region.
Common
Disease signalment Diagnostic test of choice Exam findings Treatment Clinical pearls Terminology
Fractures Any (condylar Radiographs (orthogonal Pain, crepitus, Depends on location Articular fractures generally Y-T fracture = inter- or
fractures most views non-weight-bearing but frequently surgical require surgical fixation, bicondylar fracture
common in needed – particularly to lameness fixation recommended hence condylar fractures are
small-breeds, detect minimally generally treated surgically
approximately displaced condylar
4 months old) fractures; Figure 14.4)
Incomplete Spaniel breeds CT (Radiographs may Pain on elbow Surgical fixation Frequently DD: Progressive
ossification of the show radiolucent line hyperextension or recommended (to avoid bilateral – evaluate (and humeral intracondylar
humeral condyle across condyles or smooth may be fracture) treat) both sides ASAP fissure (HIF) – same
(IOHC) proliferation along lateral asymptomatic treatment
supracondylar crest)
Incongruity Same as MCD/ CT or arthroscopy Same as MCD/UAP Same as MCD/UAP Incongruity is contributing Premature physeal
UAP feature to Elbow dysplasia closure may result in
severe incongruity and
angular limb deformity
Medial Large-/giant- Radiographs if secondary Pain upon ROM Surgical treatment in Adult dogs may present with Previously known as
Compartment breeds, with changes are present – CT and Campbell’s combination with traumatic fractures of the FCP – Fragmented
Disease (MCD) Labrador during early stages or for test, joint effusion, lifelong medical coronoid Coronoid Process;
Retrievers and “traumatic fractures of periarticular management or medical process – establishing a other terminology
Bernese the coronoid process” swelling or no clear management diagnosis in these patients includes (medial)
Mountain Dogs abnormalities requires CT/arthroscopy coronoid disease
are predisposed since radiographs are
normal
Osteochondrosis Same as MCD CT or arthroscopy Same as MCD Same as MCD Generally not an isolated “Kissing lesions” occur
Dissecans (OCD) disease in the elbow but in the same
rather with MCD location – these are due
to coronoid pathology
and not a true OCD
lesion

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