Page 1879 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

▪ Edema

▪ Hypertension
▪ Malaise
▪ Elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels
▪ Decreased creatinine clearance
▪ Elevated white blood cell count
▪ Rejection indicated by ultrasound or biopsy

Box 54-11

Causes of Cystitis

▪ Allergens or irritants, such as soaps, sprays, bubble bath, perfumed sanitary
napkins
▪ Bladder distention
▪ Calculus
▪ Hormonal changes, influencing alterations in vaginal flora
▪ Indwelling urinary catheters
▪ Invasive urinary tract procedures
▪ Loss of bactericidal properties of prostatic secretions in the male
▪ Microorganisms
▪ Poor-fitting vaginal diaphragms
▪ Sexual intercourse
▪ Synthetic underwear and pantyhose

▪ Urinary stasis
▪ Use of spermicides
▪ Wet bathing suits

Box 54-12

Client Instructions for Prevention of Cystitis

▪ Use good perineal care, wiping front to back.
▪ Avoid bubble baths, tub baths, and vaginal deodorants or sprays.
▪ Void every 2 to 3 hours.
▪ Wear cotton pants and avoid wearing tight clothes or pantyhose with slacks.
▪ Avoid sitting in a wet bathing suit for prolonged periods of time.
▪ If pregnant, void every 2 hours.
▪ If menopausal, use estrogen vaginal creams to restore pH.
▪ Use water-soluble lubricants for intercourse, especially after menopause.

1879