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▪ Muscle weakness and cramping
▪ Pathological fractures
▪ Renal osteodystrophy
Reproductive Manifestations
▪ Decreased fertility
▪ Decreased libido
▪ Impotence
▪ Infrequent or absent menses
From Ignatavicius D, Workman ML: Medical-surgical nursing: patient-centered
collaborative care, ed 7, Philadelphia, 2013, Saunders.
Box 54-6
Special Problems in Kidney Disease
▪ Activity intolerance and insomnia
▪ Anemia
▪ Gastrointestinal bleeding
▪ Hyperkalemia
▪ Hypermagnesemia
▪ Hyperphosphatemia
▪ Hypertension
▪ Hypervolemia
▪ Hypocalcemia
▪ Hypovolemia
▪ Infection
▪ Metabolic acidosis
▪ Muscle cramps
▪ Neurological changes
▪ Ocular irritation
▪ Potential for injury
▪ Pruritus
▪ Psychosocial problems
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