Page 198 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

for change.
2. During the moving and changing phase, change is
planned and implemented.
3. Refreezing is the last phase of the process, during
which the change becomes stabilized.
E. Types of change
1. Planned change: A deliberate effort to improve a
situation
2. Unplanned change: A reactive response that is
required because of a disruption. The change is
beneficial and may go unnoticed.
F. Resistance to change (Box 7-5)
1. Resistance to change occurs when an individual rejects
proposed new ideas without critically thinking about
the proposal.
2. Change requires energy.
3. The change process does not guarantee positive
outcomes.
G. Overcoming barriers
1. Create a flexible and adaptable environment.
2. Encourage the people involved to plan and set goals
for change.
3. Include all involved in the plan for change.
4. Focus on the benefits of the change in relation to
improvement of client care.
5. Delineate the drawbacks from failing to make the
change in relation to client care.
6. Evaluate the change process on an ongoing basis and
keep everyone informed of progress.
7. Provide positive feedback to all involved.
8. Commit to the time it takes to change.
X. Conflict
A. Conflict is an internal or external friction that arises from a
perception of incompatibility or difference in beliefs, attitudes,
values, goals, priorities, or decisions.
B. Types of conflict
1. Intrapersonal: Occurs within a person
2. Interpersonal: Occurs between and among clients,
nurses, or other staff members
3. Organizational: Occurs when an employee confronts
the policies and procedures of the organization

C. Modes of conflict resolution

1. Avoidance
a. Avoiders are unassertive and
uncooperative.
b. Avoiders do not pursue their own
needs, goals, or concerns, and they do

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