Page 560 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

formula, water, or other fluid to
prevent botulism.
m. Offer fruit juice from a cup (12 to 13
months or at a prescribed age) rather
than a bottle to prevent nursing
(bottle-mouth) caries; fruit juice is
limited because of its high sugar
content.
4. Skills (Box 18-7)

5. Play

a. Solitary
b. Birth to 3 months: Verbal, visual, and
tactile stimuli
c. 4 to 6 months: Initiation of actions and
recognition of new experiences
d. 6 to 12 months: Awareness of self,
imitation, repetition of pleasurable
actions
e. Enjoyment of soft stuffed animals, crib
mobiles with contrasting colors,
squeeze toys, rattles, musical toys,
water toys during the bath, large
picture books, and push toys after the
infant begins to walk

6. Safety

a. Parents must baby-proof the home.
b. Guard the infant when on a bed or
changing table.
c. Use gates to protect the infant from
stairs.
d. Be sure that bath water is not hot; do
not leave the infant unattended in the
bath.
e. Do not hold the infant while drinking
or working near hot liquids or items
such as a stove.
f. Cool vaporizers instead of steam should
be used if needed, to prevent burn
injuries.
g. Avoid offering food that is round and
similar to the size of the airway to
prevent choking.
h. Be sure that toys have no small pieces.
i. Toys or mobiles hanging over the crib
should be well out of reach, to prevent

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